Империя хлопка. Всемирная история. Свен Беккерт

Sung Jae, Stages of Industrial Development in Asia: A Comparative History ofthe Cotton Industry in Japan, India, China and Korea (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1966), 28, 38, 45; William B. Hauser, Economic Institutional Change in Tokugawa Japan: Osaka and the Kinai Cotton Trade (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974), 59, 117–20; Hameeda Hossain, The Company of Weavers ofBengal: The East India Company and the Organization of Textile Production in Bengal, 1750–1813 (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1988), 28.

      283

      Karen Wigen, The Making of a Japanese Periphery, 1750–1920 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995); Tench Coxe, An Addition, of December 1818, to the Memoir, of February and August 1817, on the Subject of the Cotton Culture, the Cotton Commerce, and the Cotton Manufacture of the United States, etc. (Philadelphia: n. p., 1818), 3; Dunbar, officiating commissioner of revenue in the Dacca Division in 1844. См.: “Extracts and Abstract of a letter from W. Dunbar, Officiating Commissioner of Revenue in the Dacca Division, to Lord B. of? dated Dacca, May 2, 1844,” in MSS EUR F 78, 44, Wood Papers, Oriental and India Office Collection, British Library, London.

      284

      Биографическую информацию о Бёрке см.: National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, vol. 20 (New York: James T. White, 1929), 79. О Баранде см.: “Pedro Sainz de Baranda,” in Enciclopedia Yucatanense, vol. 7 (Ciudad de Mexico, D.F.: Edicion oficial del Gobierno de Yucatan, 1977), 51–67; John L. Stephens, Incidents of Travel in Yucatan, vol. 2 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1843), 329.

      285

      См.: например: Ernst von Halle, Baumwollproduktion und Pflanzungswirtschaft in den Nordamerikanischen Sudstaaten, part 1, Die Sklavenzeit (Leipzig: Verlag von Duncker & Humblot, 1897), 16–17; Jay Treaty, Article XII; Thomas Ellison, The Cotton Trade of Great Britain (London: Effingham Wilson, Royal Exchange, 1886), 85; Chew, History of the Kingdom of Cotton, 45.

      286

      Gisela Muller, “Die Entstehung und Entwicklung der Wiesentaler Textilindus-trie bis zum Jahre 1945” (PhD dissertation, University of Basel, 1965), 35, 36; Richard Dietsche, “Die industrielle Entwicklung des Wiesentales bis zum Jahre 1870” (PhD dissertation, University of Basel, 1937), 16, 18, 30, 34, 37; Walter Bodmer, Die Entwicklung der schweizerischen Textilwirtschaft im Rahmen der ubrigen Industrien und Wirtschaftszweige (Zurich: Verlag Berichthaus, 1960), 226.

      287

      Dietsche, “Die industrielle Entwicklung,” 18, 20, 21, 34, 47, 48, 61, 76; Friedrich Deher, Staufen und der obere Breisgau: Chronik einer Landschaft (Karlsruhe: Verlag G. Braun, 1967), 191–92; Eberhard Gothein, Wirtschaftsgeschichte des Schwarzwaldes und der angrenzenden Landschaften (Strassburg: Karl J. Truebner, 1892), 754; Muller, “Die Entstehung und Entwicklung,” 33, 47; Hugo Ott, “Der Schwarzwald: Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung seit dem ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert,” in Franz Quarthal, ed., Zwischen Schwarzwald und Schwabischer Alb: Das Land am oberen Neckar (Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 1984), 399.

      288

      Arthur L. Dunham, “The Development of the Cotton Industry in France and the Anglo-French Treaty of Commerce of 1860,” Economic History Review 1, no. 2 (January 1928): 282; Gerhard Adelmann, Die Baumwollgewebe Nordwestdeutschlands und der westlichen Nachbarlander beim Ubergang von der vorindustriellen zurfruhindustriellen Zeit, 1750–1815 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001), 76; R. M. R. Dehn, The German Cotton Industry (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1913), 3; J. K.J. Thomson, A Distinctive Industrialization: Cotton in Barcelona, 1728–1832 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 248; J. Dhondt, “The Cotton Industry at Ghent During the French Regime,” in F. Crouzet, W. H. Chaloner, and W. M. Stern, eds., Essays in European Economic History, 1789–1914 (London: Edward Arnold, 1969), 18; Georg Meerwein, “Die Entwicklung der Chemnitzer bezw. sachsischen Baumwollspinnerei von 1789–1879” (PhD dissertation, University of Heidelberg, 1914), 19; Rudolf Forberger, Die industrielle Revolution in Sachsen 1800–1861, Bd. 1, zweiter Halbband: Die Revolution der Produktirkrafte in Sachsen 1800–1830. Ubersichten zur Fabrikentwicklung (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1982), 14; Albert Tanner, “The Cotton Industry of Eastern Switzerland, 1750–1914: From Proto-industry to Factory and Cottage Industry,” Textile History 23, no. 2 (1992): 139; Wolfgang Muller, “Die Textilindustrie des Raumes Puebla (Mexiko) im 19. Jahrhundert” (PhD dissertation, University of Bonn, 1977), 144; E. R.J. Owen, Cotton and the Egyptian Economy, 1820–1914: A Study in Trade and Development (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969), 23–24.

      289

      О заботе британских производителей о таком распространении см.: The Sixteenth Annual Report of the Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce and Manufactures at Manchesterfor the Year 1836 Made to the Annual General Meeting of the Members, held February 13th 1837 (Manchester: Henry Smith, 1837), 13.

      290

      Сидней Поллард справедливо подчеркивает, что на данном этапе (до железных дорог) индустриализация была не национальным достижением, а региональным; в Европе существовали индустриальные области (например, Каталония). Sydney Pollard, Peaceful Conquest: The Industrialization ofEurope, 1760–1970 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1981); см. также: Joel Mokyr, Industrialization in the Low Countries, 1795–1850 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1976), 26, 28.

      291

      Gunter Kirchhain, “Das Wachstum der deutschen Baumwollindustrie im 19. Jahr-hundert: Eine historische Modellstudie zur empirischen Wachstumsforschung” (PhD dissertation, University of Munster, 1973), 30, 41; Francisco Mariano Nipho, Estafeta de Londres (Madrid: n. p., 1770), 44, цит. по: Pierre Vilar, La Catalogne dans l’Espagne moderne: Recherches sur lefondements economiques des structures nationales, vol. 2 (Paris: S.E.V.P.E.N., 1962), 10; П.А. Хромов, Экономика России периода промышленного капитализма (Москва: Издательство ВПШ и АОН, 1963), 80; Howard F. Cline, “Spirit of Enterprise in Yucatan,” in Lewis Hanke, ed., History of Latin American Civilization, vol. 2 (London: Methuen, 1969), 133; Adelmann, Die Baumwollgewebe Nordwestdeutschlands, 153; Dunham, “The Development of the Cotton Industry,” 288; B. M. Biucchi, “Switzerland, 1700–1914,” in Carlo M. Cipolla, ed., The Fontana Economic History ofEurope, vol. 4, part 2 (Glasgow: Collins, 1977), 634; Robert Levy, Histoire economique de l’industrie cotonniere en Alsace (Paris: Felix Alcan, 1912), 87, 89; United States Census Bureau, Manufactures of the United States in 1860; Compiledfrom the Original Returns of the Eighth Census under the Direction of the Secretary of the Interior(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1865), xvii; Ronald Bailey, “The Slave(ry) Trade and the Development of Capitalism in the United States: The Textile Industry in New England,” in Joseph E. Inikori and Stanley L. Engerman, eds., The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economies, Societies, and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992), 221.

      292

      Bodmer, Die Entwicklung der schweizerischen Textilwirtschaft, 281.

      293

      Dhondt, “The Cotton Industry at Ghent,” 15; Muller, “Die Textilindustrie des Rau-mes,” 33; Max Hambu