Perovskite Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications. Группа авторов

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       Scrivener Publishing

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      Martin Scrivener ([email protected])

      Phillip Carmical ([email protected])

      Perovskite Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications

      Edited by

       Khursheed Ahmad

       Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India

      and

       Waseem Raza

       Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India

      This edition first published 2022 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA

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       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      ISBN 978-1-119-76027-6

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      Preface

      In recent years, global energy demand has increased dramatically. This continuously increasing demand brought on by rapid population growth and industrialization represents one of the biggest challenges facing mankind. Currently, this demand is mainly being fulfilled by fossil fuels, which are limited and will be depleted in the near future due to the very high consumption rate. Moreover, the burning of fossil fuels produces a large amount of harmful gases, such as CO₂, SO_x, and NO_x, which are being released into the atmosphere and polluting the environment. The higher concentration of harmful gases in the environment increases the risk of global warming and acid rain. In addition to this, direct dumping of different organic and inorganic waste into water systems also pollutes water reservoirs and causes waterborne diseases, leading to environmental problems. Therefore, since the ultimate global challenge is to achieve environmental sustainability for our society, it is very important to develop alternative long-lasting, clean and renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels.

Among all the alternative energy sources, solar energy is considered one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels due to its easy availability, cleanness, and accessibility. Moreover, the sun is the fundamental and ultimate source of renewable energy for our planet, which can provide endless carbon emission-free energy for mankind. Around 3.85 yottajoules of solar energy reaches the Earth every year, which is approximately 10⁴ times higher than the world energy consumption annually. However, the availability of solar light depends on the time of day, weather, and seasonal conditions. Therefore, it is critical to convert sunlight to usable or storable energy that can be used as required. In this context, different approaches, such as solar heating, solar thermal electricity,