Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Teeth. Adrian Becker

eruption technique. (a) A...Fig. 5.6 Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging slices of a palatally ...Fig. 5.7 Treatment for the right buccally impacted maxillary canine was perfo...Fig. 5.8 Treatment for the right palatally impacted canine was performed wit...Fig. 5.9 A case treated by the author in the mid‐1970s, before the era of th...Fig. 5.10 (a) The initial records of the dentition showing the narrowed V‐sh...Fig. 5.11 A case of bilateral palatal impaction of maxillary canine treatmen...Fig. 5.12 (a) Mild palatal displacement of the right maxillary canine locate...

      6 Chapter 6Fig. 6.1 (a) Abnormal lip morphology, absence of philtrum and midline positi...Fig. 6.2 (a) Clinical views of a 9‐year‐old boy with a bulging ridge form du...Fig. 6.3 (a) The anterior intra‐oral view with teeth in occlusion and the un...Fig. 6.4 An abnormally sited central incisor, whose root apex is close to th...Fig. 6.5 (a, b) Frontal and occlusal clinical views of a patient with a dila...Fig. 6.6 (a) The anterior section of a lateral cephalogram shows the sagitta...Fig. 6.7 (a) An occlusal view of Johnson’s (modified) twin‐wire arch, to sho...Fig. 6.8 Impacted central incisors due to unerupted supernumerary teeth. (a)...Fig. 6.9 The development of maxillary canine ectopia adjacent to an impacted...Fig. 6.10 The tangential view shows severe labial displacement of the root o...Fig. 6.11 A ‘classic’ dilacerated incisor.Fig. 6.12 A diagram to show how a vertically directed force through the deci...Fig. 6.13 (a) An extreme rarity: bilateral classic dilacerations of both cen...Fig. 6.14 A diagrammatic illustration of the progressive alteration in the o...Fig. 6.15 Dynamic development of a ‘classic’ dilaceration. (a) A periapical ...Fig. 6.16 (a, b) The occlusal and anterior views of the maxillary dentition ...Fig. 6.17 (a) The initial malocclusion of the patient before commencement of...Fig. 6.18 (a, b) The initial diagnostic periapical radiograph and anterior s...Fig. 6.19 (a) A periapical radiograph showing partially completed crown deve...Fig. 6.20 (a) A 9‐year‐old child has lost alveolar bone height following tra...

      7 Chapter 7Fig. 7.1 Periapical view of the maxillary canine area shows impaction of the...Fig. 7.2 (a) A 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) view showing the apic...Fig. 7.3 Lingually displaced lateral incisors and buccally displaced maxilla...Fig. 7.4 (a, b) Periapical views of bilaterally impacted canines, each assoc...Fig. 7.5 (a) Panoramic view of a patient in the mixed‐dentition stage with a...Fig. 7.6 (a) Periapical view of normal incisors at age 3 years. Note the deg...Fig. 7.7 (a) In the early stages the unerupted canines are mesially directed...Fig. 7.8 Late‐developing dentition showing spacing, small peg‐shaped lateral...Fig. 7.9 Lateral incisor anomaly in patients with palatally displaced canines...Fig. 7.10 A series of periapical radiographs of an untreated girl, taken bet...Fig. 7.11 (a) Anterior section of a panoramic view of a 10‐year‐old boy with...Fig. 7.12 Panoramic view of a 12‐year‐old girl with a palatally impacted lef...Fig. 7.13 Odontoma causing impaction of the canine.Fig. 7.14 (a) Intra‐oral view of an 8‐year‐old child with an unerupted left ...Fig. 7.15 Maxillary canine/first premolar transposition. An example of bilat...Fig. 7.16 Despite the absence of crowding, the canine has erupted in an abno...Fig. 7.17 The left side of a case of bilateral hereditary primary tooth germ...Fig. 7.18 (a) Eruption status of the canine on the ipsilateral (affected) si...Fig. 7.19 A dentigerous cyst surrounds the crown of an impacted canine. Note...Fig. 7.20 Periapical view of maxillary incisor area in a 63‐year‐old female,...Fig. 7.21 The impacted canine crown is surrounded by a large dentigerous cys...Fig. 7.22 Palpable canines (a) labially displaced (arrow); (b) palatally dis...Fig. 7.23 (a) A panoramic view of the dentition of a boy aged 11 years, show...Fig. 7.24 (a) A case diagnosed from this panoramic view as exhibiting right‐...Fig. 7.25 (a) A case of early crowding treated by extraction of four deciduo...Fig. 7.26 (a) The left side of a case with bilateral maxillary palatal canin...Fig. 7.27 (a, b) A palatally impacted right canine was adjacent to the peg‐s...Fig. 7.28 (a–c) A class II, division 2 case with crowding in the maxillary a...Fig. 7.29 (a–c) Inadequate space for unerupted permanent canines with inter‐...Fig. 7.30 A standard preformed archwire illustrates the narrowed and flattene...Fig. 7.31 Creating space by distal movement. (a–e) The initial clinical view...Fig. 7.32 Bone support levels in the treated canines (light bars) compared w...Fig. 7.33 (a, b) Intra‐oral views of the initial condition. (c) View of the ...Fig. 7.34 Using an eyelet for eruption and rotation. (a, b) With the canine ...Fig. 7.35 The periapical view of an extreme example of group 2 canines. The ...Fig. 7.36 (a) The coil spring on the archwire had created space for the cani...Fig. 7.37 (a) The active palatal arch in its passive mode, lying several mil...Fig. 7.38 (a) Initial treatment had created space and a heavy base arch, car...Fig. 7.39 (a, b) With the eruption of the canine into the mid‐palate, the ey...Fig. 7.40 (a) The initial intra‐oral view of the teeth in occlusion. (b) The...Fig. 7.41 (a) A group 3 canine was exposed with an open procedure and healin...Fig. 7.42 (a) Minimal exposure and eyelet attachment bonding of the palatal ...Fig. 7.43 A case treated by the author circa 1972, using an approach recomme...Fig. 7.44 (a) Crescini’s ‘tunnel’ approach. Note the preservation of the buc...Fig. 7.45 Direct traction vs. two‐stage traction in the group 3 canine.Fig. 7.46 Acute periodontal pain from prematurely attempted buccal movement ...Fig. 7.47 (a) A group 3 canine exposed and viewed from the occlusal aspect t...Fig. 7.48 (a) The active palatal arch in place to erupt a group 4 canine tha...Fig. 7.49 (a, b) A maxillary canine/first premolar transposition, treated to...Fig. 7.50 (a, b) Canine/lateral incisor transposition seen intra‐orally and ...Fig. 7.51 Anterior, left side and occlusal screenshots from the video clip o...Fig. 7.52 (a) Intra‐oral views of a 12‐year‐old male with a left maxillary i...

      8 Chapter 8Fig. 8.1 The canine in the line of the arch. (a) The palpable bulge in the s...Fig. 8.2 (a–c) Extreme mesial inclination of a line‐of‐the‐arch impacted can...Fig. 8.3 A maxillary canine has erupted in an abnormal location. Is this pri...Fig. 8.4 Cone beam computed tomography transparency presentation of 3D scree...Fig. 8.5 (a) A mesio‐angular, labially impacted maxillary canine (#23) is hi...Fig. 8.6 (a, b) Clinical views showing an over‐retained deciduous right maxi...Fig. 8.7 3D screenshots of the high left maxillary canine, which is labial t...Fig. 8.8 The ‘window of opportunity’. (a) The anterior section of a panorami...Fig. 8.9 (a, b) A general panoramic view and a 3D cone beam computed tomogra...

      9 Chapter 9Fig. 9.1 (a) Right‐side molar region of a panoramic radiograph of a 6.10‐yea...Fig. 9.2 An extreme example of resorption of the entire root of the central ...Fig. 9.3 (a) A section of the panoramic view of a female patient aged 12 yea...Fig. 9.4 (a) The panoramic view of the anterior maxilla in this 13‐year‐old ...Fig. 9.5 Root resorption, space opening and spontaneous eruption. (a) The le...Fig. 9.6 (a) A poorly executed panoramic radiograph of a female patient aged...Fig. 9.7 (a) Initial clinical intra‐oral views of the dentition. (b, c) Sect...Fig. 9.8 The anterior portion of a panoramic view. (a) Resorption of the lat...Fig. 9.9 Enlarged dental follicle and no apparent incisor root resorption. (...Fig. 9.10 (a) Intra‐oral view of the teeth in occlusion before treatment, in...

      10 Chapter 10Fig. 10.1 An impacted canine had resisted attempts to mechanically erupt it....Fig. 10.2 (a) Periapical radiograph showing the central incisors at approxim...Fig. 10.3 The ‘red herring’ case. (a) An apparently simple class I malocclus...Fig. 10.4 An advanced invasive cervical root resorption lesion in an impacte...Fig. 10.5 (a) The maxillary right first premolar is impacted and is apparent...Fig. 10.6 (a) A longitudinal slice of an infra‐occluded right mandibular mol...Fig. 10.7 (a) The practitioner’s intra‐oral photographs taken approximately ...Fig. 10.8 (a) From the pre‐treatment records of the patient. The blue dotted...Fig. 10.9 A typical ‘pinhole’ pre‐eruptive intra‐coronal resorption lesion i...Fig. 10.10 (a) A panoramic view of the mixed dentition, with a lingual holdi...Fig. 10.11 Unerupted second mandibular molar with large semi‐lunar pre‐erupt...Fig. 10.12 (a) A dilacerate central incisor with a ‘small’ pre‐eruptive intr...Fig. 10.13 (a) The initial photographic intra‐oral records. (b) Pre‐treatmen...Fig. 10.14 Periapical radiograph of