Orthodontic Treatment of Impacted Teeth. Adrian Becker

Prevention and interception Mechano‐therapy The need for a practical classification of palatally impacted canines The Jerusalem classification References

      18  8 Buccally Impacted Maxillary Canines Canines impacted in the line of the arch Buccally displaced maxillary canines Palatally impacted labial canines The ‘window of opportunity’ Buccally impacted canines with distal displacement References

      19  9 Resorption of the Roots of Neighbouring Teeth Impaction and the transition from deciduous to permanent dentition Can resorption be equated with dental caries? Prevalence of resorption Aetiology, diagnosis and prevention Treatment Exposing the impacted tooth without devitalizing the adjacent tooth Can the resorbed tooth be moved without causing further resorption? Severe incisor root resorption References

      20  10 Resorption of the Impacted Tooth Invasive cervical root resorption Pre‐eruptive intra‐coronal resorption Age‐related replacement resorption References

      21  11 Impacted Permanent Molars Maxillary first permanent molars Mandibular first permanent molars Mandibular second permanent molars Maxillary second molars Maxillary ‘banana’ third molars and second molar impaction Mandibular third molars Infra‐occlusion of permanent teeth Primary failure of eruption References

      22  12 Premolars and Mandibular Canines Mandibular canines Mandibular second premolars Maxillary second premolars Infra‐occlusion of deciduous teeth and its influence on premolar successors Infra‐occluded teeth cause arrest of vertical bone growth References

      23  13 The Root Form of Impacted Teeth Normal root development The aetiology of hooked root apices The ‘hooked root’ theory of tooth impaction Abnormal root form Fake causes References

      24  14 Rescuing Teeth Impacted in Dentigerous Cysts Dentigerous cysts Radicular cysts Treatment principles The prognosis of teeth that have been severely displaced by cysts Eyelets or brackets? Conclusions References

      25  15 Impacted Teeth in the Adult Patient Neglect and disguise What does the literature say? The impacted maxillary central incisor Maximizing the anchor unit with fewer teeth Implant anchorage References

      26  16 Lingual Appliances, Implants and Impacted Teeth The context of impacted canines vis‐à‐vis the lingual appliance Differences in treatment approach engendered by the use of lingual appliances Canine traction, eruption and alignment Finishing procedures Anchorage