Soft-Switching Technology for Three-phase Power Electronics Converters. Rui Li

parameters.Figure 10.13 Relationship between DC filter capacitance C_dc and switching fr...Figure 10.14 Waveform of clamping capacitor current i_Cc in one switching per...Figure 10.15 Values of clamping capacitor current i_cl at different instants ...Figure 10.16 Two kinds of waveforms of clamping capacitor current i_cl in one...Figure 10.17 The relationship between the maximum value of clamping capacito...Figure 10.18 Switching loss testing scheme: (a) double‐pulse test and (b) si...Figure 10.19 Pictures of experimental DPT setup: (a) top view and (b) side v...Figure 10.20 Probes calibration: (a) scheme, (b) delay caused by stray induc...Figure 10.21 Switching energy test results of C2M0025120D from DPT setup: (a...Figure 10.22 Loss distributions of hard‐switching SiC inverter with differen...Figure 10.23 Loss distributions of ZVS‐SVM inverter with different switching...Figure 10.24 Loss distributions comparison of hard‐switching inverter (f_s = ...Figure 10.25 Comparison of theoretical conversion efficiencies of hard‐switc...Figure 10.26 Volumes comparison of the key passive components of hard‐switch...Figure 10.27 Waveforms of hard turn‐on and ZVS turn‐on at 40 A: (a) hard tur...Figure 10.28 Measured conversion efficiency of hard‐switching SiC inverter w...Figure 10.29 (a) Prototypes of inductors and (b) volume comparison of the ke...Figure 10.30 Equivalent circuit of the oscillation after the second resonant...Figure 10.31 Simplified high frequency equivalent circuit.Figure 10.32 Topology of the 7‐in‐1 SiC MOSFET module.Figure 10.33 3D model of the 7‐in‐1 SiC MOSFET power module.Figure 10.34 Critical power loop in soft‐switching inverter.Figure 10.35 Layout sizes comparison of original seven discrete devices and ...Figure 10.36 Stray inductance comparison of simulation results.Figure 10.37 Prototype of 7‐in‐1 SiC MOSFET module: (a) DBC top view and (b)...Figure 10.38 Stray inductance measurement of 7‐in‐1 SiC MOSFET power module:...Figure 10.39 Waveforms of the voltage across the effective terminals and the...Figure 10.40 Simulation scheme of stray inductance: (a) two P₁ terminals, fo...Figure 10.41 Waveforms of the maximum voltage overshoots after the second re...Figure 10.42 Comparison of maximum voltage overshoot after second resonant s...Figure 10.43 Waveform of resonant inductor current in one switching period....Figure 10.44 Current density comparison of different air gap arrangements at...Figure 10.45 Simulated loss comparison of different air gap arrangements.Figure 10.46 Optimal flux density design for resonant inductor: (a) three tu...Figure 10.47 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) result of resonant inductor curren...Figure 10.48 Winding loss vs. different copper foil thickness d.Figure 10.49 Prototypes of original resonant inductor and the new designed r...Figure 10.50 Scheme of resonant inductor loss measurement.Figure 10.51 Prototype of the resonant inductor loss measurement circuit.Figure 10.52 Waveforms under 300 kHz and 25.4 Arms current excitation.Figure 10.53 (a) Loss reduction with distributed air gaps and (b) loss reduc...

      11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Hard‐switching single‐phase full‐bridge inverter.Figure 11.2 Commonly used modulation strategies for single‐phase inverter: (...Figure 11.3 Key output waveforms of single‐phase inverter.Figure 11.4 Traditional single‐phase inverter.Figure 11.5 Single‐phase inverter with APD.Figure 11.6 Typical waveforms of APD capacitor voltage and current.Figure 11.7 Control schematic of the APD bridge.Figure 11.8 Single‐phase ZVS inverter with APD.Figure 11.9 Conventional modulation method for single‐phase inverter with AP...Figure 11.10 Implementation of EA‐PWM for soft‐switching single‐phase invert...Figure 11.11 Comparison of traditional modulation method and EA‐PWM method w...Figure 11.12 Key waveforms of ZVS inverter with APD.Figure 11.13 Equivalent circuit of stage 1 (t₀–t₁): initial stage.Figure 11.14 Equivalent circuit of stage 2 (t₁–t₂): first resonant stage.Figure 11.15 Equivalent circuit of stage 3 (t₂–t₃): freewheeling stage.Figure 11.16 Equivalent circuit of stage 4 (t₃–t₄): current commutation stag...Figure 11.17 Equivalent circuit of stage 5 (t₄–t₅): current boost stage.Figure 11.18 Equivalent circuit of stage 6 (t₅–t₆): second resonant stage.Figure 11.19 Equivalent circuit of stage 7 (t₆–t₇): steady stage 1.Figure 11.20 Equivalent circuit of stage 8 (t₇–t₈): Type 1 commutation stage...Figure 11.21 Equivalent circuit of stage 9 (t₈–t₉): steady stage 2.Figure 11.22 Equivalent circuit of stage 10 (t₉–t₁₀): Type 1 commutation sta...Figure 11.23 Equivalent circuit of stage 11 (t₁₀–t₁₁): energy output stage 3...Figure 11.24 Circuits of the first resonance in stage 2: (a) original circui...Figure 11.25 Circuits of the second resonance in stage 6: (a) original circu...Figure 11.26 Approximate triangular waveforms of i_Lr.Figure 11.27 Circuit of the prototype.Figure 11.28 Design of resonant parameters.Figure 11.29 Driving signal‐producing diagram of ZVS single‐phase inverter w...Figure 11.30 Typical driving signal sequence of the ZVS inverter.Figure 11.31 Diagram of the EA‐PWM module.Figure 11.32 Experimental EA‐PWM driving signals.Figure 11.33 Resonant inductor current: (a) theoretical envelopes and (b) ex...Figure 11.34 Decoupling effect of APD: (a) output voltage v_inv and DC input ...Figure 11.35 Resonant inductor current i_Lr, DC‐link voltage v_bus, drain‐sour...Figure 11.36 ZVS realization at the phase of 30^o: (a) main switch and (b) au...Figure 11.37 ZVS realization at the phase of 60^o: (a) main switch and (b) au...

      12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Different topologies: (a) conventional BTB converter; (b) ZVS BT...Figure 12.2 Modulation signals of the rectifier and inverter.Figure 12.3 Two PWM schemes: (a) traditional SPWM scheme; (b) EA-PWM scheme....Figure 12.4 Key waveforms in one switching period.Figure 12.5 Stage 1 (t₀–t₁).Figure 12.6 Stage 2 (t₁–t₂).Figure 12.7 Stage 3 (t₂–t₃).Figure 12.8 Stage 4 (t₃–t₄).Figure 12.9 Stage 5 (t₄–t₅).Figure 12.10 Stage 6 (t₅–t₆).Figure 12.11 Stage 7 (t₆–t₇).Figure 12.12 Stage 8 (t₇–t₈).Figure 12.13 Stage 9 (t₈–t₉).Figure 12.14 Stage 10 (t₉–t₁₀).Figure 12.15 Stage 11 (t₁₀–t₁₁).Figure 12.16 Stage 12 (t₁₁–t₁₂).Figure 12.17 Stage 13 (t₁₂–t₁₃).Figure 12.18 Stage 14 (t₁₃–t₁₄).Figure 12.19 Stage 15 (t₁₄–t₁₅).Figure 12.20 Stage 16 (t₁₅–t₁₆).Figure 12.21 Stage 17 (t₁₆–t₁₇).Figure 12.22 Stage 18 (t₁₇–t₁₈).Figure 12.23 Stage 19 (t₁₈–t₁₉).Figure 12.24 First resonant stage.Figure 12.25 Simplified process of the first resonant stage: (a) Step I; (b)...Figure 12.26 Second resonant stage.Figure 12.27 Equivalent circuit of the second resonant stage.Figure 12.28 Waveform of i_S7 in a switching period.Figure 12.29 Current stress with different Z_r.Figure 12.30 Solution region for the resonance parameters.Figure 12.31 Envelope curve of v_cl and i_Lr at different load levels under a ...Figure 12.32 Envelope curve of v_cl and i_Lr under different load conditions: ...Figure 12.33 Switching loss of SCT2080KE.Figure 12.34 Switching loss with different capacitors: (a) SCT2080KE; (b) C2...Figure 12.35 Loss distribution of traditional BTB converter at different swi...Figure 12.36 Loss distribution of ZVS BTB converter at different switching f...Figure 12.37 Loss comparison – ZVS BTB converter (150 kHz) vs. traditional B...Figure 12.38 Loss comparison – ZVS BTB converter (150 kHz) vs. traditional B...Figure 12.39 9 kW ZVS BTB prototype.Figure 12.40 Experimental waveforms with a three‐phase balanced load. (a) i_a...Figure 12.41 Waveforms for ZVS operation of S_i4 with a balanced 3 kW load at...Figure 12.42 Waveforms for ZVS operation of S_o2 with a balanced 3 kW load at...Figure 12.43 Waveforms for ZVS operation of S₇ with a balanced 3 kW load at ...Figure 12.44 Waveforms for ZVS operation of S_o2 with a balanced 9 kW load at...Figure 12.45 Waveforms for ZVS operation of S_o2 with a balanced 9 kW load at...Figure 12.46 Waveforms for ZVS operation of S₇ with a balanced 9 kW load at ...Figure 12.47 Waveforms of v_cl and i_Lr under three‐phase unbalanced load.Figure 12.48 Waveforms