El sistema financiero a finales de la Edad Media: instrumentos y métodos. AAVV

2004, pp. 785-796; idem: «The social economy of the medieval village», Economic History Review, 61 S1 (2008), pp. 38-63.

³ C. Briggs: Credit and village society.

⁴ C. Briggs: Credit and village society; Ph. R. Schofield: «Dearth, debt and the local land market»; Ph. R. Schofield: «Social economy».

⁵ Phillipp R. Schofield: «Dealing in crisis: external credit and the early fourteenth-century English village», in Martin Allen and Matthew Davies (eds): Medieval Merchants and Money: Essays in honour of James L. Bolton, London IHR, 2016, pp. 253-270.

⁶ For a discussion of the historiography of the medieval English peasantry, see Phillipp R. Schofield: Peasants and historians. Debating the medieval English peasantry, Manchester, MUP, 2016. See also Christopher Dyer: «Les Cours Manoriales», Études Rurales, 103-104 (1986), pp. 19-28 and on the appearance of manorial court rolls, Zvi Razi & Richard. M. Smith: «The Origins of the English Manorial Court Rolls as a Written Record: A Puzzle», in Z. Razi & R. M. Smith (ed.): Medieval Society and the Manor Court, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1996, pp. 36-68.

⁷ Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seigneurial Courts, ed. and tr. Frederic W. Maitland, Selden Society, 2, 1889.

⁸ In addition to the works listed above by Chris Briggs and Phillipp R. Schofield (n. 2), an important and earlier contribution was made by John S. Beckerman: «Customary law in English manorial courts in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries», unpublished University of London PhD, 1972; the core of his thesis was subsequently published as idem, «Procedural innovation and institutional change in medieval English manorial courts», Law and History Review, 10 (1992), pp. 198-252. Other historians have touched on such issues as part of their wider campaign of research; see especially, Lloyd Bonfield: «The Nature of Customary Law in the Manor Courts of Medieval England», Comparative Studies in Society and History, XXXI (1989), pp. 515-534; idem: «What did Edwardian Villagers Mean by «Customary Law»?», in Z. Razi & R. M. Smith (ed.): Medieval Society and the Manor Court, pp. 103-116; John S. Beckerman: «Toward a Theory of Medieval Manorial Adjudication: the Nature of Communal Judgements in a System of Customary Law», Law and History Review, xiii (1995), pp. 1-22; Paul R. Hyams: «What did Edwardian Villagers Understand by Law?», in Z. Razi & R. M. Smith (ed.): Medieval Society and the Manor Court, pp. 69-102. Hyam’s important essay and the themes arising have recently been discussed in Chris Briggs & Phillipp R. Schofield: «Understanding Edwardian villagers’ use of law: some manor court litigation evidence», Reading Medieval Studies, XL (2014) (guest ed. D. Postles), pp. 117-139.

⁹ C. Briggs: Credit and village society; also Ph. R. Schofield: «Dearth, debt and the local land market»; idem: «Credit, crisis and the money supply, c. 1280-c. 1330», in Martin Allen & D’Maris Coffman: Money, Prices and Wages. Essays in Honour of Professor Nicholas Mayhew, Basingstoke / New York, Palgrave, 2015, pp. 94-108.

¹⁰ On which, see, for instance,

¹¹ Phillipp R. Schofield: «Credit and its record in the later medieval English countryside», in Philipp R. Rössner (ed.): Cities – Coins – Commerce. Essays presented to Ian Blanchard on the occasion of his 70^th Birthday, Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2012, pp. 77-88.

¹² For court roll-recorded recognizances, see for instance the examples given in Phillipp R. Schofield: «Peasant debt in English manorial courts: form and nature», in Julie-Mayade Claustre (ed.): La Dette et le juge. Juridiction gracieuse et jurisdiction contenieuse du XIII^e au XV^e siècle, Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, 2007, p. 57, and the discussion by C. Briggs: Credit and village society, pp. 79-82 and p. 225 for a further example.

¹³ See, for instance, Ph. R. Schofield: «L’endettement et le credit», p. 81; J. S. Beckerman: «Customary law», p. 286.

¹⁴ See, for instance, some examples offered in C. Briggs: Credit and village society, pp. 224-227. The development of law in the manor court in the period c. 1250-c. 1350 is the subject of the project «Private law and medieval village society: personal actions in manor courts, c. 12501350», funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, 2006-2009, grant reference AH/ D502713/1; the project team comprised Chris Briggs and Matthew Tompkins as project researchers; Richard Smith was principal investigator, with the present author as co-investigator. A volume arising from the project and edited by Briggs and Schofield will be published by the Selden Society: http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/selden_society/pub.html#avp (last accessed 16 March 2015).

¹⁵ See, in particular, the discussion of these developments in J. S. Beckerman: «Procedural innovation».

¹⁶ C. Briggs: «Manor court procedures».

¹⁷ Phillipp R. Schofield: «Peasants, litigation and agency in medieval England: the development of law in manorial courts in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries», in Janet Burton, Phillipp R. Schofield & Björn Weiler (ed.): Thirteenth-century England XIV, Woodbridge, Boydell and Brewer, 2013, pp. 15-25.

¹⁸ See, for discussion of this particular point, C. Briggs & Ph. R. Schofield: «Understanding Edwardian villagers’ use of law», pp. 132-135.

¹⁹ For an instance, see Phillipp R. Schofield: «Peasants and the manor court: gossip and litigation in a Suffolk village at the close of the thirteenth century», Past and Present, 159 (1998), pp. 15-16, and especially n. 47.

²⁰ See, for instance, Messing, court of 15 May 1296, Essex Record Office D/DH X1; East and West Hanningfield, court of 28 April 1332, Essex Record Office D/DP M 832; Foxton, court of 7 Oct. 1275, Trinity College, Cambridge Box 27 roll 3.

²¹ Horsham St Faith, court of 31 May 1316, Norfolk Record Office, NRS 19505. For a similar instance, see West Halton, court of 14 July 1315, Westminster Abbey Muniments 14545.

²² Bottisham, court of 14 Aug 1344, The National Archive, SC2/155/49, 29 r. and d.

²³ See, for instance, Bottisham, court of 2 Oct. 1344, The National Archive [hereafter TNA] SC2/155/49, 30r.