Diagnostics and Therapy in Veterinary Dermatology. Группа авторов

Research laboratory specializing in discovery and characterization of genetic diseases in animals, with an interest in dermatologic disorders https://www.genetics.unibe.ch/about_us/person/prof_dr_leeb_tosso/index_eng.html My Dog DNA Multidisease screening Cheek swab Test results will determine if the animal is a carrier for the known mutation causing the disorder www.mydogdna.com Optimal Selection™ Multidisease screening Cheek swab Test results will determine if the animal is a carrier for the known mutation causing the disorder www.optimal‐selection.com Orivet Genetic Pet Care Congenital hypothyroidism, dermatomyositis, dry eye curly coat syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, hereditary footpad hyperkeratosis, hereditary nasal parakeratosis, ichthyosis, (golden retriever, American bulldog, Norfolk terrier, great Dane, German shepherd), lethal acrodermatitis, multidrug resistance (MDR1), Musladin‐Lueke syndrome, renal cystadenocarcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis Cheek swab Test results will determine if the animal is a carrier for the known mutation causing the disorder www.orivet.com Paw Print Genetics of Genetic Veterinary Sciences and Canine Health Check (multidisease screening) Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, ichythyosis, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, Musladin‐Lueke syndrome, dry eye curly coat syndrome, D locus (dilute), leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (terrier type), renal cystadenocarcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia Many sample types are acceptable, including whole blood in EDTA and cheek swabs. Contact laboratory regarding specific sample depending on test Test results will determine if the animal is a carrier for the known mutation causing the disorder www.pawprintgenetics.com www.caninehealthcheck.com PennGen, University of Pennsylvania Congenital hypothyroidism, ectodermal dysplasia (skin fragility syndrome – Chesapeake Bay retriever), epidermolysis bullosa (Eurasier), ichthyosis (American bulldog), lethal acrodermatosis (bull terrier), leukocyte adhesion deficiency (type I), exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus (German shorthaired pointer) Cheek swab or whole blood (EDTA) PCR test results will determine if the animal is a carrier for the known mutation causing the disorder. Comprehensive list of genetic tests available worldwide at the PennGen website http://www.vet.upenn.edu/research/academic‐departments/clinical‐sciences‐advanced‐medicine/research‐labs‐centers/penngen UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory Hereditary nasal parakeratosis Many sample types are acceptable, including cheek swab, whole blood in EDTA, and hair samples. Contact laboratory regarding specific sample depending on test Test results will determine if the animal is a carrier for the known mutation causing the disorder http://vgl.ucdavis.edu vetGen™ Veterinary Genetic Services Albinism in Doberman pinscher, canine cyclic neutropenia, dry eye curly coat, hereditary footpad hyperkeratosis, heredity nasal parakeratosis, Musladin‐Lueke syndrome, renal cystadenocarcinoma nodular dermatofibrosis Cheek swab Test results will determine if the animal is a carrier for the known mutation causing the disorder www.vetgen.com Wisdom Health, Wisdom Panel™, formerly Optigen Dermatomyositis, hereditary nasal parakeratosis, ichthyosis (golden retriever), multidisease screening Many sample types are acceptable, including cheek swab, whole blood in EDTA, semen, and tissue. Contact laboratory regarding specific sample depending on test Test results will determine if the animal is a carrier for the known mutation causing the disorder http://breeder.wisdompanel.com

There are three basic types of ELISA techniques: direct, indirect, and capture (sandwich) techniques (Tizard 2013). The direct method (Figure 3.1) is used primarily to detect and quantify antigen in a sample. This technique requires fewer steps than the others and is easier to perform since it only involves use of a single primary antibody labeled with a reporter enzyme. Substrate added to the sample interacts with the reporter enzyme to produce a product (e.g. color, fluorescence, or luminescence) that is measured with a plate reader. The direct method's use is limited to IHC, since it requires that the sample antigen is immobilized. The indirect technique (Figure 3.2) is the most popular type of assay and is used primarily to detect antibodies in a sample. This requires binding of antigen to the assay plate, adding the animal's serum (containing the antibody), and then adding detection antibody that is linked to a reporter enzyme along with substrate to be measured with the plate reader. The capture technique (Figure 3.3), sometimes called the “sandwich assay,” is a modified version that detects antigen in the sample and has superior sensitivity and specificity compared to the other techniques.

Figure 3.1 Direct ELISA. In the first stage the antigen (orange triangle) from the patient's serum is added to the plate where it is absorbed. This antigen can be a protein, hormone, etc. Next the labeled antibody (blue antibody) is added. The plate is washed between steps to remove unattached antibodies and antigens. Finally the substrate (yellow star) for the enzyme is added to produce a color change that can be identified and quantitated.

Figure 3.2 Indirect ELISA. The antigen (orange triangle) is adhered to