Группа авторов
Список книг автора Группа авторовMental Health Issues in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Communities
Over the last three decades, the visibility – and public acceptance – of self-identified lesbian women and gay men and bisexual and transgender individuals has increased dramatically, making it more important than ever to understand the dynamics of their relationships.This timely work, part of Volume 21 in the Review of Psychiatry series, offers compelling facts and insights in a concise yet comprehensive format, bringing together the latest research and clinical practice in this rapidly evolving field. Chapter 1 details normal adolescent development and the extra challenges imposed by the development of a sexual identity that is different from that of most of their peers, including the lack of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender role models. Chapter 2 presents a rare discussion about theoretical models (managing a concealable stigma, minority stress and resilience, and coping with multiple minority statuses) and empirical data on aging as a stigmatized sexual minority, including the similarities and differences of aging between the sexual minority communities and the heterosexual community and special issues in working with aging ethnic minority gay men, lesbians, and bisexual persons. Chapter 3 breaks new ground by detailing the expanding role of the psychiatrist or other mental health professional as forensic expert and therapist – requiring not only an in-depth understanding of lesbian and gay mental health issues, but also the often-daunting task of encouraging and teaching judges and juries to better understand these issues as they relate to discriminatory laws in child custody/visitation, workplace harassment/other discrimination, domestic violence, and immigration/asylum. Chapter 4 covers both the three types of etiological theories on homosexuality presented in the scientific literature and an historical overview of clinical attitudes toward homosexuality, from early modern theories (Karl Ulrichs, Krafft-Ebing, and Freud) to the present day, reporting on some adverse side effects of sexual conversion treatment that have been either overlooked or ignored in the reparative therapy literature and raising important clinical and ethical concerns. Chapter 5 examines the public and professional evolution of thinking toward U.S. African race and toward sexual orientation with regard to the reevaluation of the psychiatric diagnosis and treatment of gender identity disorder. Among other topics, the author presents a fascinating discussion of differences between sexual orientation and gender (e.g., anatomical, social, hormonal, psychological, legal, or political), and distinctions between transgenderism and homosexuality, including an illuminating case example. Thought-provoking and informative, this compact volume will be welcomed by residents, clinicians, and students alike as they continue to look for ways to better differentiate health from pathology and successfully treat these remarkably diverse individuals.
Molecular Genetics and the Human Personality
In the 1960's and 1970's, personality and mental illness were conceptualized in an intertwined psychodynamic model. Biological psychiatry for many un-weaved that model and took mental illness for psychiatry and left personality to psychology. This book brings personality back into biological psychiatry, not merely in the form of personality disorder but as part of a new intertwined molecular genetic model of personality and mental disorder. This is the beginning of a new conceptual paradigm!!This breakthrough volume marks the beginning of a new era, an era made possible by the electrifying pace of discovery and innovation in the field of molecular genetics. In fact, several types of genome maps have already been completed, and today's experts confidently predict that we will have a smooth version of the sequencing of the human genome – which contains some 3 billion base pairsSuch astounding progress helped fuel the development of this remarkable volume, the first ever to discuss the brand-new – and often controversial – field of molecular genetics and the human personality. Questioning, critical, and strong on methodological principles, this volume reflects the point of view of its 35 distinguished contributors – all pioneers in this burgeoning field and themselves world-class theoreticians, empiricists, clinicians, developmentalists, and statisticians.For students of psychopathology and others bold enough to hold in abeyance their understandable misgivings about the conjunction of «molecular genetics» and «human personality,» this work offers an authoritative and up-to-date introduction to the molecular genetics of human personality. The book, with its wealth of facts, conjectures, hopes, and misgivings, begins with a preface by world-renowned researcher and author Irving Gottesman. The authors masterfully guide us through Chapter 1, principles and methods; Chapter 4, animal models for personality; and Chapter 11, human intelligence as a model for personality, laying the groundwork for our appreciation of the remaining empirical findings of human personality qua personality. Many chapters (6, 7, 9, 11, and 13) emphasize the neurodevelopmental and ontogenetic aspects of personality, with a major emphasis on the receptors and transporters for the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Though these neurotransmitters are a rational starting point now, the future undoubtedly will bring many other candidate genes that today cannot even be imagined, given our ignorance of the genes involved in the prenatal development of the central nervous system. Chapter 3 provides an integrative overview of the broad autism phenotype, and as such will be of special interest to child psychiatrists. Chapters 5, 8, and 10 offer enlightening information on drug and alcohol abuse. Chapter 14 discusses variations in sexuality. Adding balance and mature perspectives on how all the chapters complement and sometimes challenge one another are Chapter 2, written by a major figure in the renaissance of the relevance to psychopathology of both genetics and personality; Chapters 15-17, informed critical appraisals citing concerns and cautions about premature applications of this information in the policy arena; and Chapter 18, a judicious contemplation by the editors themselves of this promising – and, to some, alarming – field. Clear and meticulously researched, this eminently satisfying work is written to introduce the subject to postgraduate students just beginning to develop their research skills, to interested psychiatric practitioners, and to informed laypersons with some scientific background.
Psychoneuroendocrinology
The mind-body connection is one of the hottest topics in medicine today, documented by enormous amounts of data regarding hormone effects on the brain and behavior.Yet it is only now – with the debut of this thought-provoking volume – that we find an up-to-date, sophisticated reference that focuses on the clinical relevance of behavioral endocrinology and is written for practicing clinicians and researchers.This wide-ranging volume shows how the principles and emerging findings of psychoneuroendocrinology can inform modern clinical practice and lead to new breakthroughs in future science and practice. Here, leading authorities – internationally respected researchers and practicing clinicians – review empirical findings in their areas of expertise, highlight the clinical significance of these findings, and provide, wherever appropriate, clinical guidelines for the management of patients.Beginning with a lively history of psychoneuroendocrinology (including its many false starts), this book continues on to discussions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormone system, the gonadal hormone system, and the thyroid hormone system from each of the three paths generally used for psychoneuroendocrinological investigation: Alterations in endogenous hormone levels observed in primary psychiatric illness Psychiatric concomitants or sequelae of hormonal dysregulation in primary endocrinologic illness Behavioral effects of exogenously administered hormones or hormone antagonists (both the study of the side effects of hormonal medications and the use of hormones and hormone antagonists as psychotropic medications) An unmatched diversity of topics reveals the full breadth and depth of this volume: diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid effects on mood and cognition, Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease, oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy, psychiatric illness associated with the menstrual cycle and perimenopause, postpartum behavioral changes, anabolic/androgenic steroid use, and a thorough review of thyroid function in psychiatric disorders.Particularly fascinating are sections on the role of neuropeptides and hypothalamic-releasing factors in psychiatric illness, the use of laboratory tests and imaging procedures in evaluating hormonal function in psychiatric patients, the place of newer «alternative» hormonal medications such as melatonin and DHEA in therapeutics, and a provocative and compelling final chapter on the role stress plays in precipitating illness.Designed for both clinician and researcher-scientist, this richly informative guide will also prove an invaluable addition to graduate courses in neuroscience, neuroendocrinology, the biological basis of behavior, and consultation psychiatry. Neuroscientists/neurologists, endocrinologists, obstetricians/gynecologists, internists, family practitioners, nurses, and interested laypersons round out the wide audience for this remarkable volume.
The Dementias
Confusion. Fear. Isolation. This is the human experience of dementing illness, and it is at the heart of this practical, informative volume by a broad range of clinically grounded experts.This book is designed to meet the needs of clinicians dealing with persons with dementing illness and to serve as an introduction to the pathophysiology of dementing illness and a resource for clinical investigators.The giant strides in dementia research since the publication of the first edition in 1991 have generated optimism that we will soon be able to delay onset and even prevent these diseases that devastate both patients and caregivers. This third edition has been revised, updated, and expanded to cover changes in the classification, management and treatment of dementing illnesses and to give a more extensive account of basic and clinical research findings. At the same time, this remarkable volume indicates the interaction of the patient's personality, the caregiver, and the environment with the pathophysiology of dementing illnesses that creates the variety of symptoms accompanying these illnesses and impacting their treatment.Like the second edition, this third edition has three sections, flowing from diagnosis through management/treatment to research. New to this edition are A world-class presentation on the molecular and genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease A beautifully illustrated chapter on contemporary neuroimaging Discussions of mild cognitive impairment, the frontotemporal dementias, and the dementias associated with Lewy bodies This third edition is exceptionally valuable for addressing the day-to-day challenges of dealing effectively and humanely with persons with dementing illness. Case examples are used in the chapters on psychological/behavioral and drug management to indicate practical approaches to maintaining patients at their optimal level of function. Unlike similar texts, this volume also reviews legal and ethical issues in the care of persons with dementing illness and shows how clinicians and caregivers how to mobilize community resources. Extensive reference lists round out each chapter. The book concludes with 11 assessment guides and rating scales and an index.Now more than ever, there is hope that advances in understanding dementing illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease will lead to their effective treatment, and ultimately to their prevention. Until then, clinicians, families, and society will continue to be faced with the challenges posed by these illnesses – making this book a «must read» for physicians and other health care professionals, whether in training, in practice, or engaged in clinical research.
Infanticide
Maternal infanticide, or the murder of a child in its first year of life by its mother, elicits sorrow, anger, horror, and outrage. But the perpetrator is often a victim, too.The editor of this revealing work asks us to reach beyond rage, stretch the limits of compassion, and enter the minds of mothers who kill their babies – with the hope that advancing the knowledge base and stimulating inquiry in this neglected area of maternal-infant research will save young lives. Written to help remedy today's dearth of up-to-date, research-based literature, this unique volume brings together a multidisciplinary group of 17 experts – scholars, clinicians, researchers, clinical and forensic psychiatrists, pediatric psychoanalysts, attorneys, and an epidemiologist – who focus on the psychiatric perspective of this tragic cause of infant death. This comprehensive, practical work is organized into four parts for easy reference: Part I presents historical and epidemiological data, including a compelling discussion of the contrasting legal views of infanticide in the United States, United Kingdom, and other Western countries, a review of the latest statistics on maternal infanticide, and a discussion of the problems of underreporting and the lack of available documentation. Part II covers the psychiatric, psychological, cultural, and biological underpinnings of infanticide, detailing how to identify, evaluate, and treat postpartum psychiatric disorders. The authors explore clinical diagnosis, symptom recognition, risk factors, biological precipitants, and alternative motives, such as cultural infanticide. Chapter 3, developed to assist the attorney or mental health professional in understanding the implications of postpartum psychiatric illness as they relate to infanticide, presents a sensitive and thorough inquiry into infanticidal ideation. Part III focuses on contemporary legislation, criminal defenses, and disparate treatment in U.S. law and compares U.S. law with the U.K.'s model of probation and treatment. Chapter 8 is an especially useful resource for the attorney or expert psychiatric witness preparing for an infanticide/neonaticide case in the criminal court system. Part IV discusses clinical experience with mothers as perpetrators and countertransference in therapy, the range of mother-infant interactions (from healthy to pathological), and methods of early intervention and prevention. This balanced perspective on a highly emotional issue will find a wide audience among psychiatric and medical professionals (child, clinical, and forensic psychiatrists and psychologists; social workers; obstetricians/gynecologists and midwives; nurses; and pediatricians), legal professionals (judges, attorneys, law students), public health professionals, and interested laypersons.
Clinical Manual for the Treatment of Autism
Reflecting tremendous gains over the past decade in our understanding of the causes of autism, Clinical Manual for the Treatment of Autism meets the increasing need for clear, up-to-date, and evidence-based treatment. Internationally known researchers – who are also skilled in treating patients with autism – share treatment approaches they have either developed or thoroughly tested for safety and efficacy.The book describes in a straightforward manner how to diagnose autism, recognizing that patients may vary greatly in intelligence, language ability, disruptive behavior, and presence of comorbid disorders. It outlines the appropriate instruments to use for particular patients, providing examples and guidelines for evaluation and testing of individuals of all ages and levels of functioning, with a focus on initial diagnostic evaluation. It also evaluates the appropriate role of various medications for specific target symptoms and individuals: SSRIs and antidepressants, focusing on the rationale for their use and clinical trials in autism; anticonvulsants and mood stabilizers used to treat disruptive behaviors and mood instability; conventional and atypical antipsychotics, emphasizing studies using random assignment to active and control treatments; cholinesterase inhibitors, focusing on cholinergic mechanisms and treatment experience in autism; and stimulants and nonstimulants for the treatment of pervasive developmental disorder accompanied by hyperactivity, distractibility, and impulsiveness. In addition to pharmacological approaches, the book presents psychosocial treatments and includes well-accepted psychoeducational models for which there is sufficient evidence to recommend their use. In these chapters, the book: Covers the use of applied behavior analysis, the DIR/Floortime approach, and peer relationship interventions. Presents educational approaches, based on the experience of the TEACCH program in North Carolina, describing how its fundamental principles are utilized across the age spectrum. Describes complementary and alternative treatments – such as therapies targeting gastrointestinal function or the immune system or the use of nutritional supplements – with an eye toward helping parents make informed choices. Explores promising new avenues of treatment to address issues related to cognition and social and language deficits, focusing particularly on the potential of medications that target the glutamate and oxytocin brain systems. Clinical Manual for the Treatment of Autism is an essential resource for a broad range of professionals, including psychiatrists, pediatricians, neurologists, psychologists, educators, and behavioral, speech, and occupational therapists. It is a state-of-the-art compendium of treatments that will help advance the care that people with autism receive.
Clinical Manual of Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent, persistent, disabling, and costly psychiatric disorders, yet they are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Fortunately, there have been major advances in understanding and treating these conditions in recent years; this is one of the most exciting areas in modern medicine.This clinical manual has earned its place in the literature as one of just a few volumes that covers all of the major anxiety disorders and presents integrated contributions from both psychopharmacologists and psychotherapists – all in one compact work written for busy clinicians.Though concepts of anxiety have long enjoyed a central position in philosophical and psychoanalytic theories, empirical research on anxiety disorders has a relatively short history. Here, 16 experts discuss advances in diagnosis, assessment (including relevant rating scales), pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy.This volume begins by reviewing recent important diagnostic, epidemiological, neurobiological, and treatment findings – all of which have significant implications for clinicians. Subsequent chapters cover Panic disorder and agoraphobia – Laboratory studies of fear have significantly advanced our understanding of the neurocircuitry and neurochemistry of panic. Furthermore, panic disorder is now readily treated with both medications and psychotherapy. Specific phobia – Viewed for many years as mild and even trivial, this common disorder is now recognized for its very real associated distress and impairment. Exposure therapy is the treatment mainstay, though pharmacotherapy should be considered particularly when there is comorbidity. Social phobia (or social anxiety disorder) – In the past few years, the first FDA-approved medications for this disorder have been made available. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is also effective for the treatment of this underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) – OCD was the first disorder where it was shown that both specific medications and cognitive-behavioral techniques resulted in normalization of activity in particular brain structures. It is now possible to provide patients with integrated treatment approaches. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) – Once viewed as a normal reaction to trauma, PTSD is increasingly understood as a pathological response, characterized by specific psychobiological dysfunctions. Again, there have been exciting advances in the treatment of this disorder, with the release of the first FDA-approved agents for PTSD. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) – For a number of years GAD was thought of as a residual disorder occasionally seen in combination with more primary conditions. Nowadays, we know that GAD is an independent condition that is prevalent, persistent, and disabling. Busy residents and psychiatrists in active clinical practice, psychologists, primary care practitioners, and other mental health professionals will find this clinical manual – with its integrated approach of both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy – a valuable tool in their everyday practices.
The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Mood Disorders
Psychiatrists and other mental health care and medical professionals can now turn to a truly authoritative, up-to-date reference for current information about mood disorders. The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Mood Disorders – including a wealth of illustrations, tables and references – presents the state of the art in diagnosis, psychobiology, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy across the vast spectrum of mood disorders: Symptomatology and Epidemiology: historical aspects and social underpinnings of mood disorders, classification and rating scales, and global burden Pathogenesis: neurochemistry and psychoneuroendocrinology, cognitive processing models (experimental cognitive research), and evolutionary explanations Methods of Investigation:anatomical pathology, molecular and cellular neurobiology of severe mood disorders, and genetics of bipolar and unipolar disorders Types of Mood Disorder: psychotic depression, seasonal affective disorder, secondary depression with medical illness, major depression seen in primary care, and substance abuse, and sleep disorders Treatments: pharmacotherapy, brain stimulation techniques, and psychotherapies Pertinent Factors: personality, culture, and gender Offering a fascinating synthesis of the multifaceted field of mood disorders, the richly informative American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Mood Disorders will prove invaluable for psychiatric and medical practitioners, educators, students, and residents interested in the latest breakthroughs in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of mood disorders.
Traumatic Dissociation
Traumatic Dissociation: Neurobiology and Treatment offers an advanced introduction to this symptom, process, and pattern of personality organization seen in several trauma-related disorders, including acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the dissociative disorders. Our understanding of traumatic dissociation has recently been advanced by neuroimaging technology, empirically-based investigation, and an acknowledgment of its importance in psychopathology. The authors of this volume tie these findings together, tracking the condition from its earliest historical conceptualization to its most recent neurobiological understanding to provide even greater insight into traumatic dissociation and its treatment.Bringing together for the first time theoretical, cognitive, and neurobiological perspectives on traumatic dissociation, this volume is designed to provide both empirical and therapeutic insights by drawing on the work of many of the main contributors to the field. Opening chapters examine historical, conceptual, and theoretical issues and how other fields, such as cognitive psychology, have been applied to the study of traumatic dissociation. The following section focuses specifically on how neurobiological investigations have deepened our understanding of dissociation and concluding chapters explore issues pertinent to the assessment and treatment of traumatic dissociation. The interacting effects of traumatic experience, developmental history, neurobiological function, and specific vulnerabilities to dissociative processes that underlie the occurrence of traumatic dissociation are among some of the key issues covered. The book's significant contributions include A review of cognitive experimental findings on attention and memory functioning in dissociative identity disorder An appreciation of how the literature on hypnosis provides a greater understanding of perceptual processing and traumatic stress Ascertaining symptoms of dissociation in a military setting and in other situations of extreme stress An outline of key issues for planning assessment of traumatic dissociation, including a critique of its primary empirically supported standardized measures An examination of the association between child abuse or neglect and the development of eating disorders, suggesting ways to therapeutically deal with negative body experience to reduce events that trigger dissociation A description of neuroendocrine alterations associated with stress, pointing toward a better understanding of the developmental effects of deprivation and trauma on PTSD and dissociation A review of the relation of attachment and dissociation A discussion of new research findings in the neuroimaging of dissociation and a link between cerebellar functioning and specific peritraumatic experiences Useful as a clinical reference or as ancillary textbook, Traumatic Dissociation reorganizes phenomenological observations that have been overlooked, misunderstood, or neglected in traditional training. The research and clinical experience described here will provide the basis for further clinical and theoretical formulations of traumatic dissociation and will advance empirical examination and treatment of the phenomenon.
Sleep Disorders and Psychiatry
Sleep and wakefulness are fundamental behavioral and neurobiological states that characterize all higher animals, including human beings. Concise yet comprehensive, Sleep Disorders and Psychiatry, the latest volume in American Psychiatric Publishing's popular Review of Psychiatry Series, presents the cumulative experience of 12 experts who talk about what sleep is and why sleep is essential to maintaining good health, summarizing the major categories of sleep disorders and detailing how virtually every psychiatric disorder and a wide variety of medical illnesses adversely affect sleep.Sleep Disorders and Psychiatry is the ideal companion to busy psychiatric clinicians because it is Comprehensive, covering all information of particular relevance to psychiatric clinicians. Enhanced by numerous tables and illustrations that make it easy to understand and reference while «on the go» during everyday practice. Clearly structured and easy to understand, with chapters organized according to the major categories of sleep disorders most likely to be encountered in psychiatric clinical practice. The fascinating introduction discusses the functions of sleep and the consequences of sleep deprivation, including the complex neurobiology of circadian rhythms, sleep and wakefulness, the clinical assessment and management of sleep and circadian rhythm disorders, and the pros and cons of tools for taking an accurate history. Each of the six subsequent chapters in Sleep Disorders and Psychiatry follows the same format by detailing the definitions and clinical description, epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis, and treatment for a major category of sleep disorder: insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy and syndromes of central nervous system-mediated sleepiness, restless legs syndrome, parasomnias, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders.Further, Sleep Disorders and Psychiatry provides psychiatrists with the tools necessary to embark upon exciting collaborations with specialists from other areas of clinical medicine (psychologists, pulmonologists, neurologists and surgeons). Given the importance of behavioral and psychopharmacologic interventions in managing sleep disorders, psychiatrists can often make valuable contributions to the care of medically ill patients with these conditions.Abundantly referenced and illustrated, Sleep Disorders and Psychiatry is the ultimate practical resource for busy clinicians interested in the broad and growing field of sleep disorders.