Small-Angle Scattering. Ian W. Hamley

SINGLE MOLECULE SCATTERING FROM MIXTURES OF PROTONATED AND DEUTERATED MOLECULES 5.8 SANS FROM LABELLED POLYMERS 5.9 KINETIC SANS USING LABELLED MIXTURES 5.10 ULTRA‐SMALL‐ANGLE SANS (USANS) 5.11 SANS AND USANS (AND SAXS AND USAXS) STUDIES ON POROUS STRUCTURES 5.12 SANS ON MAGNETIC MATERIALS 5.13 SPIN‐ECHO SANS (SESANS) 5.14 COMPLEMENTARY SAXS AND SANS REFERENCES

      11  6 Grazing‐Incidence Small‐Angle Scattering 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 BASIC QUANTITIES: DEFINITION OF ANGLES, REFRACTIVE INDEX, AND SCATTERING LENGTH DENSITY 6.3 CHARACTERISTIC SCANS 6.4 THE DISTORTED WAVE BORN APPROXIMATION 6.5 DATA ANALYSIS 6.6 EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLES OF GISAS DATA 6.7 EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLES OF GIWAXS/GIXD DATA REFERENCES

      12  Index

      13  End User License Agreement

      List of Tables

      1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Sequences of Bragg reflections for common structures.Table 1.2 Expressions for common form factors.

      2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Absorption cross‐sections and mass absorption coefficients for x‐ra...Table 2.2 SAS Software and online calculators.

      3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 International synchrotron scattering facilities.Table 3.2 International neutron scattering facilities.Table 3.3 Currently marketed lab SAXS instruments.Table 3.4 Availableq range assuming a detector with area 1 m² for different s...

      4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Characteristic of ATSAS algorithms for rigid body modelling of macr...

      5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Neutron scattering lengths and cross sections for elements/main iso...

      6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Table of scattering length densities and critical angles for GISAXS...

      List of Illustrations

      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Definition of wavevector q and scattering angle 2θ, related ...Figure 1.2 Ghost particle construction. The overlap volume (shaded) is the a...Figure 1.3 Sketches of pair distance distribution functions for the colour‐c...Figure 1.4 Scattering within particles (from atoms/components shown as black...Figure 1.5 Calculated total intensity I(q) = P(q)S(q) in the monodisperse ap...Figure 1.6 Fluctuations in the layer positions in a lamellar structure that ...Figure 1.7 Representative one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional structures, with...Figure 1.8 Compilation of SAXS profiles measured for PEO‐PBO [polyoxyethylen...Figure 1.9 Indexation of SAXS reflections observed for the lipid monoolein f...Figure 1.10 Long‐range versus short‐range order showing schematics of real s...Figure 1.11 Schematic of lattice distortions in paracrystals with lattice di...Figure 1.12 Example of fitting of SAS data using the unified Beaucage model,...Figure 1.13 Example of calculated form factor using the generalized Beaucage...Figure 1.14 Example of SAXS data for a bicontinuous microemulsion (Pluronic ...Figure 1.15 Calculated structure factors using the Debye‐Bueche structure fa...Figure 1.16 Parameters for complex form factors. (a) Gaussian bilayer, (b) P...Figure 1.17 Form factors calculated for homogeneous particles along with lim...Figure 1.18 Inter‐relationship between vectors q and r in cylindrical co‐ord...Figure 1.19 Influence of polydispersity on the form factor of a sphere with Figure 1.20 Comparison of form factor of a polydisperse sphere (R = 30 Å, σ...Figure 1.21 Debye form factor for a polymer with Rg = 50 Å.Figure 1.22 Comparison of form factor for random walk (Gaussian) chains and ...Figure 1.23 Structure factor for a diblock copolymer melt with f = 0.25 at t...

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Schematic pipeline for reduction of small‐angle scattering data....Figure 2.2 SAXS data from 20‐frame solution SAXS measurements showing CORMAP...Figure 2.3 Masking of stripes in 2D SAXS data measured on a modern photon co...Figure 2.4 Integrating anisotropic SAXS data: (a) Sector integration and def...Figure 2.5 Calculated WAXS pattern and peak indexation from para‐bromobenzoi...Figure 2.6 SAXS data measured for lysozyme (4 mg ml⁻¹ in buffer, 5 × 5...Figure 2.7 SAXS data measured for RNAse (10 mg ml⁻¹ in buffer, 7 × 30 ...Figure 2.8 Guinier plots (data on a logarithmic intensity scale) showing a G...Figure 2.9 Example of raw synchrotron BioSAXS data showing artefacts in the ...Figure 2.10 Schematic showing effect of interparticle interference (structur...Figure 2.11 Non‐superposition of I(q)/c curves for solutions of a surfactant...Figure 2.12 Interference and aggregation effects on (a–c) scattered intensit...Figure 2.13 Example of Porod‐Debye plot for a hybrid protein (RAD51AP1‐malto...Figure 2.14 Examples of Kratky plots: black line: polymer