The Tax Law of Charitable Giving. Bruce R. Hopkins

Rev. Proc. 97-52, 1997-2 C.B. 527.

      153 153 See § 2.4(c).

      154 154 See IRC § 4946.

      155 155 See IRC § 4941. See Private Foundations ch. 5.

      156 156 Private Foundations § 5.7(c).

      157 157 H. Rep. No. 1337, 83d Cong., 2d Sess. A44 (1954); S. Rep. No. 1622, 83d Cong., 2d Sess. 196 (1954). These reports accompanied IRC § 162(b), which provides that a payment cannot be deducted as a business expense (under IRC § 162) when it is properly deductible as a charitable contribution (under IRC § 170) but is not deductible in a tax year because of restrictions such as the percentage limitations (see ch. 7).

      158 158 Transamerica Corporation v. United States, 254 F. Supp. 504 (N.D. Cal. 1966), aff'd, 392 F.2d 522 (9th Cir. 1968).

      159 159 Parker v. Commissioner, 86 T.C. 547 (1986). Also Snyder v. Commissioner, 86 T.C. 567 (1986).

      160 160 Parker v. Commissioner, 86 T.C. 547, 565 (1986).

      161 161 Kamilche Co. v. United States, 809 F. Supp. 763 (N.D. Cal. 1992).

      162 162 Kamilche Co. v. United States, 53 F.3d 1059 (9th Cir. 1995).

      163 163 E.g., United States v. Mitchell, 403 U.S. 190, 197 (1971); Burner v. Harmel, 287 U.S. 103, 110 (1932).

      164 164 Klavan v. Commissioner, 66 T.C.M. (CCH) 68 (1993); Weiss v. Commissioner, 65 T.C.M. (CCH) 2768 (1993).

      165 165 Mountanos v. Commissioner, 105 T.C.M. (CCH) 1818 (2013), 107 T.C.M. (CCH) 1211 (2014), aff'd, Fed. Appx. 592 (9th Cir. 2016).

      166 166 Bond v. United States, 97-2 U.S.T.C. ¶ 50,868 (N.D. Ill. 1997).

      167 167 Id. at 90,440.

      168 168 20 U.S.C. § 1415.

      169 169 Bond v. United States, 97-2 U.S.T.C. ¶ 50,868 at 90,440 (N.D. Ill. 1997).

      170 170 Id.

      171 171 See § 23.6.

      172 172 Allen v. Commissioner, 91-1 U.S.T.C. ¶ 50,080 (9th Cir. 1991).

      173 173 Id. at 87,325.

      174 174 Id.

      175 175 Id.

      176 176 Id. at 87,326.

      177 177 Id.

      178 178 See the discussion of gifts of notes at § 4.8.

      179 179 Bischel v. United States, 415 F. Supp. 2d 1211, 1213 (D. Nev. 2006). Likewise, a court wrote that an entity “cannot contribute a right it does not possess,” in denying a charitable deduction claimed for an ostensible gift of a restriction preserving the entire exterior of a certified historic structure where the entity only had rights to the building's facade (61 York Acquisition, LLC v. Commissioner, 106 T.C.M. (CCH) 594 (2013)). Also R.P. Golf v. Commissioner, 111 T.C.M. (CCH) 1362 (2016), aff'd, 860 F.3d 1096 (8th Cir. 2017) (charitable deduction not available for placement of conservation property on parcel the ostensible donor did not own).

      180 180 Jones v. Commissioner, 129 T.C. 146,159 (2007). Although this decision was affirmed (560 F.3d 1196 (10th Cir. 2009) cert. den., 558 U.S. 881 (2009)), the appellate court did not address the matter of ownership of the property.

      181 181 E.g., Rev. Rul. 67-137, 1967-1 C.B. 63; Priv. Ltr. Rul. 9350009. Generally, a payment to a charitable organization that results in placement of the donor's name on a building owned or occupied by the payee is considered a charitable contribution in full, with the benefit to the donor considered incidental (Rev. Rul. 77-367, 1977-2 C.B. 193).

      182 182 E.g., Helvering v. Horst, 311 U.S. 112 (1940).

      183 183 See § 5.6.

      184 184 See § 5.7.

      185 185 The anticipatory assignment-of-income doctrine can be similar to the step transaction doctrine. The latter doctrine is the subject of § 3.7.

      186 186 E.g., Morgan Guaranty Trust Co. v. United States, 585 F.2d 988, 994 (Ct. Cl. 1978); S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. v. Commissioner, 63 T.C. 778, 786 (1975).

      187 187 Harrison v. Schaffner, 312 U.S. 579 (1941).

      188 188 Peterson Irrevocable Trust No. 2 v. Commissioner, 51 T.C.M. (CCH) 1300, 1316 (1986), aff'd, 822 F.2d 1093 (8th Cir. 1987).

      189 189 Greene v. United States, 806 F. Supp. 1165 (S.D.N.Y. 1992).

      190 190 IRC § 1256(a)(3).

      191 191 IRC § 170(e)(1)(A). See § 3.4(b).

      192 192 See § 3.3.

      193 193 The other argument was that the gains on the sales of the futures contracts were taxable by reason of the step transaction doctrine. See § 3.7.

      194 194 Greene v. United States, 806 F. Supp. 1165, 1170 (S.D.N.Y. 1992).

      195 195