Agitator Design for Gas-Liquid Fermenters and Bioreactors. Gregory T. Benz

      26  19 Aspect Ratio Acknowledgment Definition and Illustration of Aspect Ratio What Is the Optimum Aspect Ratio? Effects of Z/T on Cost and Performance at a Given Working Volume Illustrative Problem Number 1 Illustrative Problem Number 2 Illustrative Problem Number 3 Summary of Chapter References

      27  20 Vendor Evaluation Product Considerations Gear Drive Ruggedness Design Technology Impeller Selection Shaft Design Reputation with Customers Company Size Years in Business Years Under New Ownership Employee Turnover Vertical Integration R&D Program and Publications Depth of Application Engineering Testing Laboratory ISO Certification (Necessary vs Sufficient) Quality Control Program (Not Lot Sample; 100%) Rep vs Direct Sales (a Good Rep Annoys the Manufacturer) Service Capability Typical Delivery Times and Performance Parts Availability Price (Least Important) Willingness to Work with Consultants Vendor Audit Checklist Summary of Chapter References A.Appendix to Chapter 20

      28  21 International Practices Introduction North America EU Japan China Summary of Chapter Cultural Resources

      29  Afterword

      30  Index

      31  End User License Agreement

      List of Tables

      1 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Metzner–Otto constants.

      2 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Axial flow power and pumping numbers (D/T~0.33) turbulent flow only...Table 5.2 Ungassed power number of the CD‐6 impeller.Table 5.3 Flooding constants of CD‐6.Table 5.4 BT‐6 flooding constants.Table 5.5 Metzner–Otto constants for common impellers.

      3 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Quantity of impellers.Table 6.2 Example 6.1 data.Table 6.3 Example 6.2 data.Table 6.4 Sparge ring diameter ratios.

      4 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Mass transfer correlation constants.Table 7.2 Range of variables from pilot to full scale.Table 7.3 Full‐scale parameters (typ) using a common k_la correlation.Table 7.4 Pilot‐scale parameters to match 200 m³ production parameters.Table 7.5 Pilot‐scale impellers and speed to match 200 m³ production paramete...Table 7.6 Pilot‐scale buying recommendations.Table 7.7 Mass transfer summary.Table 7.8 Example pilot protocol.

      5 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Designing with no data.Table 8.2 Sample P/V, VVM scale‐up.Table 8.3 DO ratio guidelines.

      6 Chapter 9Table 9.1 OTR profile.Table 9.2 Power at different operating scenarios.

      7 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Typical fouling resistances.Table 10.2 K values for helical coils.Table 10.3 Recommended minimum tubing diameters for tube bundles.Table 10.4 K values for tube bundles.Table 10.5 K values for plate coil baffles.Table 10.6 Thermal properties of water.Table 10.7 Thermal conductivities of common vessel materials.

      8 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Diffusion coefficients of different gases in water.Table 11.2 Relative k_la values.Table 11.3 Solubility of some gases in water.

      9 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Metzner–Otto constants for impellers.Table 12.2 Rheological properties of Xanthan Gum.Table 12.3 Rheological properties of 2% Gellan Gum solutions.Table 12.4 Xanthan Gum installation data.Table 12.5 D/T guidelines for pseudoplastic fluids.Table 12.6 Z/T per impeller guidelines in gas/liquid systems.

      10 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Relative blend time.

      11 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Seal comparisons.

      12 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Agitator nozzle and pad mount reinforcement dimensions (typical).Table 16.2 Vessel head and reinforcing pad thickness, mm.

      13 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Dimensionless hydraulic forces.Table 17.2 Allowable stresses.Table 17.3 Critical speed guidelines.Table 17.4 Deep concave turbine weights.Table 17.5 High solidity axial turbine weights.Table 17.6 Dynamic analysis inputs.Table 17.7 AGMA bearing life requirement.Table 17.8 Recommended gear drive service factors.Table 17.9 Gear drive comparison.

      14 Chapter 18Table 18.1 Surface finishes.

      15 Chapter