Agitator Design for Gas-Liquid Fermenters and Bioreactors. Gregory T. Benz

on Holdup Effect of Viscosity on Blend Time Effect of Viscosity on Flooding Caverns Xanthan and Gellan Gums Effect of D/T and No. and Type of Impellers on Results in Xanthan Gum Mycelial Broths Recommendations Summary of Chapter List of Symbols References

      20  13 Three Phase Fermentation General Problem Effect on Mass Transfer Effect on Foam Emulsion vs. Suspension Complexity: How to Optimize Operation Summary of Chapter References

      21  14 Use of CFD in Fermenter Design Purpose of This Chapter Basic Theory Methods of Presenting Data Velocity Distribution Cavern Formation Blending Progress Flow Around Coils Bubble Size, k_la, Holdup DO Distribution Summary of Chapter References

      22  15 Agitator Seal Design Considerations Introduction Terminology Main Functions of Fermenter Shaft Seals Common Types of Shaft Seals Material Considerations Methods of Lubricating Seals Seal Environmental Control and Seal Support System Seal Life Expectations Special Process Considerations Summary of Chapter Reference

      23  16 Fermenter Agitator Mounting Methods Introduction Top Entering Methods Bottom Entering Methods Summary of Chapter References

      24  17 Mechanical Design of Fermenter Agitators Introduction Simple Example Problem Sample Problem with Steady Bearing Cantilevered Designs Example Problem Units with Steady Bearings Early History Loads Imposed Handle or Isolate Loads? Handle Loads Option 1: Oversized Commercial Gear Drive Handle Loads Option 2: Purpose‐Built Agitator Drive Isolate Loads Option 1: Hollow Quill Integrated Drive with Flexibly Coupled Extension Shaft Isolate Loads Option 2: Outboard Support Bearing Module Important or Useful Mechanical Design Features List of Symbols Greek Letters References

      25  18 Sanitary Design Introduction Definitions Construction Principles Wetted Parts Construction Methods Bolts and Nuts Steady Bearings Polishing Methods and Measures1: Polishing vs. Burnishing Polishing Methods and Measures2: Lay Polishing Methods and Measures3: Roughness Average Electropolish Passivating Effect on Mechanical Design Summary of Chapter Additional Sources of Information