English Economic History: Select Documents. Various

Again Anabel del Knoll has a day, as above,[116] to rebuild a house on a plot of land which she holds of the lord at will, and under the same penalty as in the Court preceding.

      Arrest bondmen.

      It is ordered, as many times before, to take William son of Richard Gilleson, Roger son of William del Mersh, dwelling with John de Bradlay, Thomas son of John atte Yate, William son of William Childyong (in Pontefract), Alice daughter of John atte Yate (in Selby), Alice daughter of William Childyong (in Methelay), and William son of William Childyong, the lord's bondmen and bondwomen of his lordship here, etc., who have withdrawn without licence, and to bring them back hither until [they make fine for their chevage].

      Mercy, 4d. Without a day.

      Roger son of Roger makes plaint of Alice de Bollyng [in a plea] of trespass, pledge to prosecute, William Walker, to wit, that she has not made an enclosure which she is bound to make between his holdings and her own holdings in Mikelington, so that for lack of enclosure there divers cattle entered and fed off his corn, to wit, his rye and oats and grass, to his damages of 10s. And the aforesaid Alice defends and says that the aforesaid Roger, and not she, is bound to make an enclosure there, and hereon she puts herself upon the country. But the jurors hereupon elected, tried and sworn, say on their oath that the aforesaid Roger is bound to make the aforesaid enclosure between the aforesaid holdings. And therefore it is awarded that the aforesaid Roger be in mercy for his false claim, and that the said Alice go without a day.

      Mercy, 2s.

      It is presented by the parker that William Walker (6d.) with 11 beasts, Roger de Manyngham (4d.) with 3 beasts, John de Gilles (2d.), Thomas Staywal (2d.) with one beast, Roger Megson (2d.) with one beast, Denis Walker (2d.), Richard Wright (4d.) with 2 beasts and William Coke (2d.) with a horse, have fed off the grass of the lord's wood in Bradfordbank; therefore they are in mercy.

      Mercy, 12d.

      Again it is presented that William Notbroun (6d.) and Adam Notbroun (6d.) with their cattle have broken down the hedge around the lord's wood, and with the said cattle have fed off the grass of the lord's wood; therefore they are in mercy.

      Mercy, 10d.

      Again it is presented that Richard Milner of Idel (6d.), Richard Baillif (2d.) and William Smyth of Caleshill (2d.) have carried millstones over the lord's soil here without licence; therefore they are in mercy.

      Again it is presented by John de Denholm, John Judson, Adam Dikson, Robert del More, Thomas de Chellowe, Hugh Barn, Robert atte Yate, John atte Yate, Richard Curtays, John Rous, Roger Johanson and John de Gilles, that William Tomse, the lord's bondman, dwelling in Moreton by York, Roger de Stanbiri, the lord's bondman, dwelling in Wirkley, and John Bonde, dwelling in Sighelesden, and John son of Roger son of William del Mersh, dwelling with John de Bradlay, the lord's bondmen here, have withdrawn without licence; and hereupon order was made to take them all, so that they be [here] until, etc. And the aforesaid

      Fine, 26s. 8d.

William Tomse and Roger de Stanbiri were taken and were brought before the steward at Pontefract on Saturday next after the feast of the Circumcision of the Lord. And the aforesaid William Tomse there made fine of 26s. 8d. before the said steward, to wit, in order to have his goods at the steward's will,[117] to be paid at the feasts of St. Peter's Chains and St. Michael next by equal portions. And also the aforesaid William made fine for chevage, to wit, a fine of 2s. to be paid yearly at the feasts of Whitsunday and St. Martin in Winter by equal portions; and William Cooke of Brotherton became his pledge as well for his yearly chevage as for his other fine for his said goods. And Roger de Stanbiri likewise on the same day was brought before the aforesaid steward at Pontefract and made fine of 20s. to have his goods at the steward's will, to be paid at the terms of Easter and Michaelmas next; and also the aforesaid Roger made fine of 12d. for his chevage, to be paid yearly at the terms aforesaid; and Thomas Dantrif became his pledge as well for his yearly chevage as for his fine aforesaid. And it was granted to the same William and Roger that they may stay outside the lordship here in the places where they were staying before, and that too at the lord's will, for their chevages aforesaid, to be paid yearly, as is aforesaid.

      Take bondmen.

And order is made to take all the other bondmen named above, because they come not, and to bring them back hither to their nests until, etc.[118]

      Sum of this Court:—51s. 9d., the whole perquisite. Further from chevage as above:—3s. a year to be paid at the terms as above.

[106] December 12, 1349, the year of the Black Death. The monotonous death roll is noteworthy.

[107] Sc. the inheritance cannot descend.

[108] Monday before May 1, 1354.

[109] Fine on giving birth to an illegitimate child.

[110] Friday before June 24, 1354.

[111] i.e. Became sureties.

[112] i.e. Sureties.

[113] i.e. Fine upon marriage.

[114] i.e., head-money, a fine paid yearly by bond-tenants dwelling away from the manor.

[115] Interlined above Cecily is Roger Judson.

[116] Anabel has persistently refused to rebuild the house during the last six years; she discharges her obligation two years later [m.50].

[117] i.e. In order to retain his own possessions during the steward's good pleasure. In law a bondman's goods belong to his lord.

[118] cf. Bracton, De Legibus Anglie, ff. 6 b. and 7. "Serfs are under the power of their lords, nor is the lord's power loosed so long as they abide in villeinage, waking and sleeping, whether they hold land or not. Moreover, if they are not abiding in villeinage, but wandering abroad through the country, going and returning, they are always under the power of the lords, so long as they return; and when they have lost the habit of returning, they begin to be runaways, after the likeness of tame stags. Moreover, if when they are abroad as merchants or wage-earners they pay chevage at fixed times … and so long as they pay chevage, they are said to be under the power of the lords, and the lord's power is not loosed. And when they cease to pay they begin to be fugitives … and ought to be pursued forthwith." And ibid. f. 26. "It was said in the King's court before the justices of the Bench at Westminster by John de Metingham and his fellows, justices there, that if a bondman born and bred shall be a runaway … and shall have returned and be found on the bond estate where he was born, and be taken there by his true lord or his ministers as a bird in its nest, and this be proved, if such a man venture