Chess Strategy. Edward Lasker

can be distinguished: either Black will try to maintain his centre pawn, or else, giving up the centre, try to gain some other advantage as compensation.

      Black can only maintain his centre pawn if he can prevent his QKt from being exchanged. As is readily seen, White can attack Black's KP a second time with P-Q4, whilst after Black's P-Q3 any other defensive move would hinder development. These considerations lead to the first main line of defence in which Black plays 3. … P-QR3. After 4. B-R4 Black has the option of releasing the pin by playing P-QKt4 at some opportune moment. If White elects to exchange his Bishop for the Kt forthwith, he can remove the Black centre pawn after 4. … QPxB by playing 5. P- Q4, but the exchange of the B for the Kt gives Black a free development and in consequence a good game. (Compare note to move 4 in Game No. 12.)

      Diagram 22 reproduces a typical position in this defence. The more usual continuation for White is 4. B-R4, Kt-B3;

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       8 | #R | | #B | #Q | #K | | | #R |

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       7 | | | #P | | #B | #P | #P | #P |

       |———————————————————|

       6 | #P | |#Kt | #P | |#Kt | | |

       |———————————————————|

       5 | | #P | | | #P | | | |

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       4 | | | | | ^P | | | |

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       3 | | ^B | | | |^Kt | | |

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       2 | ^P | ^P | ^P | ^P | | ^P | ^P | ^P |

       |———————————————————|

       1 | ^R |^Kt | ^B | ^Q | ^R | | ^K | |

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       A B C D E F G H

      Diag. 22.

      5. Castles; he does not trouble to protect his KP as its capture would allow his Rook an open file on which to act against the opposing King (compare Games Nos. 14 and 17) 5. … B-K2. Now Black can capture the KP without much risk, as the Bishop is on the King's file. 6. R-K1, White covers his pawn, and thereby threatens to win a pawn by BxKt. Therefore Black must not delay playing 6. … P-QKt4.

      After 7. B-Kt3, P-Q3; (Diagram 22) White cannot yet execute the manoeuvre which underlies the whole tendency of the Ruy Lopez, namely P-Q4, maintaining the pressure in the centre, because after KtxQP, 9. KtxKt, PxKt; 10. QxP? White loses a piece through 10. … P-B4, etc. It is therefore necessary to play P- QB3 first. White could also obtain a rapid development by Kt-B3, P-Q3, B-K3 or Kt5, but this arrangement is not popular, because Black can play Kt-QR4 and exchange the valuable KB. The pawn at QB3 supports an advance in the centre, and also provides a retreat for the KB. The QKt can be developed in this way: Kt-Q2- B1-Kt3 or K3. Black, however, must try to round off his pawn position on the Queen's side, by moving his QBP into line. Black's pawns at K4 and QB4 then exert a pressure on White's Q4. And this pressure threatens to be reinforced by B-Kt5. From these considerations the following development seems to be natural: 8. P-B3, Kt-QR4; 9. B-B2, P-B4; 10. P-Q4, Q-B2 (to support the KP); it leads to the position in Diagram 23.

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       8 | #R | | #B | | #K | | | #R |

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       7 | | | #Q | | #B | #P | #P | #P |

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       6 | #P | | | #P | |#Kt | | |

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       5 |#Kt | #P | #P | | #P | | | |

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       4 | | | | ^P | ^P | | | |

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       3 | | | ^P | | |^Kt | | |

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       2 | ^P | ^P | ^B | | | ^P | ^P | ^P |

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       1 | ^R |^Kt | ^B | ^Q | ^R | | ^K | |

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       A B C D E F G H

      Diag. 23.

      11. P-KR3

      One of the few instances in which this pawn move is justified.

       It deprives Black's QB of its only good square, and saves the

       KKt, the co-operation of which is urgently needed in the centre.

      This system of opening will receive more exhaustive treatment under the heading of "Middle Game." (Compare Game No. 12.)

      In the second main line of defence, of which I shall treat now, Black renounces the maintenance of his KP, and makes an attempt to find compensation by attacking White's King's Pawn. The King's file, opened by the disappearance of the Black pawn, offers opportunities for that purpose. After the first few moves we arrive at the following position, which

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       8 | #R | | | #Q | | #R | #K | |

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       7 | #P | #P | #P | #B | #B | #P | #P | #P |

       |———————————————————|

       6 | | |#Kt | #P | |#Kt | | |

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       5 | | ^B | | | | | | |

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       4 | | | |^Kt | ^P | | | |

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       3 | | |^Kt | | | | | |

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       2 | ^P | ^P | ^P | | | ^P | ^P | ^P |

       |———————————————————|

       1 | ^R | | ^B | ^Q | ^R | | ^K | |

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       A B C D E F G H

      Diag. 24.

      may be reached thus: 3. B-Kt5, P-Q3; 4. P-Q4, B-Q2; 5. Kt-B3, Kt- B3; 6. Castles, B-K2; 7. R-K1, PxP; 8. KtxP, Castles. The exchange on the seventh move is compulsory, because the loss of a pawn after BxKt is in effect threatened, now that the White KP is supported by the Rook.

      Black's intention of