History of the Union Jack and Flags of the Empire. Barlow Cumberland

in "The Margent," 170712526.Fort Niagara, 175912827.The Assault at Wolfe's Cove, Quebec, 175913028.St. Patrick's Jack14129.Labarum of Constantine14230.Harp of Hibernia14331.Seal of Carrickfergus, 160514832.Royal Arms of Queen Victoria14833.Medal of Queen's First Visit to Ireland14934.The Throne of Queen Victoria in the House of Lords, 190015035.Arms of the Fitzgeralds15136.Medal of Louis XIV., "Kebeca Liberata," 169016537.New England Ensign16638.The Louisbourg Medal, 175816839.The First Union Flag, 177617440.The Pennsylvania Flag, 177617641.Arms of the Washington Family17742.Washington's Book-Plate17843.Washington's Seals17944.Fort George and the Port of New York in 177018745.Royal Arms of George II.19046.The Great Seal of Upper Canada, 179219547.Upper Canada Penny19848.Draft "C" of Union Jack, 180020049.Royal Arms of George III., 180120250.Union Jack of George III., 180120351.Outline Jack—The Proper Proportions of the Crosses20952.The Union Jack and Shackleton at Farthest South21353.Square Union Jack21954.Oblong Union Jack22055.Flag of a French Caravel, 16th Century22356.The Colonial Jack, 170122657.Jack of England, 171122758.Jack in Carolina, 173922859.The Combat between La Surveillante and the Quebec, 177922960.Ensign of 7th Royal Fusiliers, 177523061."King's Colour," 178123162.The War Medal, 1793–181423663.The Service Medal, Canada, 1866–187023764.The North-West Canada Medal, 188524065.Flag of the Governor-General of Canada25966.Flag of the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec26067.Australian Emblems28368.Australian Federation Badge28769.Suggested Canadian Union Ensign297

      COLOURED PLATES.

		Page
Plate I.		Frontispiece
	1. English Jack—St. George's Crosse.
	2. Scottish Jack—St. Andrew's Crosse.
	3. Irish Jack—St. Patrick's Crosse.
Plate II.		22
	1. Germany.
	2. Italy.
	3. Greece.
	4. Hawaii.
Plate III.		76
	1. The Percys' Ensign, 1560.
	2. Union Jack of James I., 1606.
	3. Colonial Union Jack, 1701.
Plate IV.		92
	1. Commonwealth Ensign, 1648.
	2. Cromwell's "Great Union," 1658.
	3. Ensign Red—Charles II., 1660.
Plate V.		118
	1. Union Jack of Anne, 1707.
	2. Red Ensign of Anne, 1707.
	3. Union Jack of George III., 1801.
Plate VI.		174
	1. Grand Union, 1776.
	2. United States, 1777.
	3. United States, 1909.
Plate VII.		218
	1. Present Union Jack upside down.
	2. Jack wrongly made.
	2. Jack wrongly made.
Plate VIII.		272
	1. Red Ensign.
	2. White Ensign.
	3. Blue Ensign.
Plate IX.		280
	1. Canadian Union Ensign.
	2. Australian Union Ensign.
	3. New Zealand Union Ensign.

      St. George.

THE UNION JACK.

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      "It's only a small bit of bunting, It's only an old coloured rag, Yet thousands have died for its honour And shed their best blood for the flag.

      "It's charged with the cross of St. Andrew, Which, of old, Scotland's heroes has led; It carries the cross of St. Patrick, For which Ireland's bravest have bled.

      "Joined with these is our old English ensign, St. George's red cross on white field, Round which, from King Richard to Wolseley, Britons conquer or die, but ne'er yield.

      "It flutters triumphant o'er ocean, As free as the winds and the waves; And bondsmen from shackles unloosened 'Neath its shadows no longer are slaves.

      "It floats over Cypress and Malta, O'er Canada, the Indies, Hong Kong; And Britons, where'er their flag's flying, Claim the rights which to Britons belong.

      "We hoist it to show our devotion To our Queen, to our country, and laws; It's the outward and visible emblem Of advancement and Liberty's cause.

      "You may say it's an old bit of bunting, You may call it an old coloured rag; But Freedom has made it majestic, And time has ennobled the flag."

      —"St. George."

NOTES ON FLAGS.

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      NAMES OF PARTS.

      Particular names are given to the several parts of a flag.

      The part next the flagstaff, or width, Is called the "hoist."

      The outer part, or length, is termed the "fly," and also the "field."

      These parts are further divided into "quarters," or "cantons": two "next the staff," two "in the fly."

      These descriptive terms should be noted, as they will be in constant use in the pages which follow.

      USAGE.

      A flag at half-mast is a sign of mourning.

      A flag reversed is a signal of distress.

      The lowering of a flag is a signal of surrender.

      The raising of the victors' flag in its place is a signal of capture.

      The nationality of a country is shown by its flag.

      The nationality of a vessel is made known by the flag she flies at the stern.

      To hoist the flag of one nation under that of another nation, on the same flag-staff, is to show it disrespect.

History of the Union Jack

       And Flags of the Empire.