A Cyclopaedia of Canadian Biography: Being Chiefly Men of the Time. Various

government. In 1869 he was elected to a seat in the Dominion parliament at Ottawa, by the county of Colchester, but resigned the next year (1870), on his being appointed lieutenant-governor of Manitoba and the North-West Territories. In 1872 he was created a companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George by her Majesty the Queen for his services in Manitoba, and in 1886 was advanced a step in the order, being created K.C.M.G. On his return from the North-West he was appointed, on the 24th June, 1873, judge in equity for Nova Scotia; but only held the office until the 4th of the next month, when, on the death of the late lieutenant-governor, Joseph Howe, he was appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, and this high office he filled with great dignity and satisfaction to all concerned from the 4th July, 1873, to 4th July, 1883, when he was succeeded by Mr. Matthew Henry Richey. Governor Archibald was one of the directors of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1873; and in 1884 he was chosen chairman of the Board of Governors of Dalhousie College; and in 1885 he was elected president of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, of which he has been an active member from the time of its formation in 1878 to the present. In conclusion, we may add that the Hon. Mr. Archibald is a man of broad views and generous impulses, and a statesman whom the country is pleased to honour. In religious matters he has followed in the footsteps of his ancestors, and is a staunch Presbyterian. He was married on the 1st June, 1840, to Elizabeth Archibald, daughter of the Rev. John Burnyeat, an able and accomplished Anglican divine, the first clergyman of the Church of England, in the parish of St. John, Colchester, whose wife was Livinia, daughter of Charles Dickson, and sister of Elizabeth, wife of the late Hon. S. G. W. Archibald, and mother of the late Sir Thomas and Sir Edward Archibald.

McCaul, Rev. John, D.D., late President of University College, Toronto, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1807, and died at Toronto, on the 16th of April, 1887, in the eighty-first year of his age. He was educated at Trinity College in his native city, and after a very successful university career, graduated with the highest honours in classics. At the request of the authorities of Trinity College, he for some time filled the post of classical tutor and examiner in that institution. While occupying this position, he devoted himself passionately to the pursuit of classical literature, and edited several editions of recognized value of various Greek and Latin texts. In 1838, Dr. Harley, then archbishop of Canterbury, hearing of his repute as a scholar, offered him the principalship of Upper Canada College, in Toronto, and Mr. McCaul having accepted the office, entered upon its duties the following year. In 1843, he became the president and professor of classics, logic, rhetoric and belles-lettres in King’s College, which by the Act of 1849, became the University of Toronto, and was freed forever from sectarian control. From that time up to the date of his retirement, some years ago, from all literary work, Dr. McCaul uninterruptedly filled the chair of classics in the university, of which for some years he was also the president. While zealously maintaining the pre-eminence of his own department, he actively assisted in introducing into the university curriculum the subjects of modern languages and natural sciences. His individual work is seen on every hand in the distinguished men who are to be found in every part of the province, and who cheerfully acknowledge their indebtedness to the late lamented president of University College, for the accuracy and thoroughness of their academic training. Among the works which have been issued from Dr. McCaul’s pen are exhaustive treatises on the Greek Tragic Metres and the Horatian Metres; on the Scansion of the Hecuba and Medea of Euripides; lectures on Homer and Virgil; an edition of Longinus, of selections from Lucian and Thucydides. His edition of the Satires and Epistles of Horace has long been looked upon as a standard one of this favourite author. His researches in Greek and Roman Epigraphy, and his work on “Britanno-Roman Inscriptions,” and “The Christian Epitaphs of the First Six Centuries,” entitle him to take high rank among the greatest classical scholars which the century has produced. Dr. McCaul married in 1840, Emily, the second daughter of the late Hon. Justice Jones. His wife, three sons and three daughters survive him.

Cross, Hon. Alexander, Judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench, Montreal, was born on a farm situated on the banks of the Clyde, in Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the 22nd of March, 1821, and came to Montreal with his parents when only a boy of five years of age. His father, Robert Cross, was a gentleman farmer, and was a scion of the Cross family who for many generations lived in Old Monklands, and were among the well-to-do farmers in that part of Scotland. His mother, Janet Selkirk, was from an adjoining parish. Mr. Cross, sr., died about a year after his arrival in Canada, and this sad event rendered it necessary for the family to remove to a farm on the Chateauguay river, the land on which the celebrated battle of that name was fought between a handful of Canadian militia and a strong force of United States troops—the Canadians coming off victorious—during the war of 1812–14. Alexander, who was the youngest son of the family, as he grew up to manhood, showed a strong leaning towards literary pursuits instead of towards agriculture; and in his laudable desire for knowledge he was encouraged by his elder brother, who had been educated for the Scottish bar, and who, while he lived, helped him in every way possible to gratify his literary aspirations. In 1837, at the age of sixteen, he left the farm and went to Montreal to study. Here he entered the Montreal College as a pupil, but after being a short time in this institution he found the classes did not progress fast enough to suit his restless craving for knowledge, when he left and put himself under private tutors. He also entered the office of John J. Day, of Montreal, to study law; and the rebellion at this time breaking out, he enlisted as a volunteer in Colonel Maitland’s battalion, and served in this corps until the close of the rebellion in 1838, retiring with the rank of sergeant. When the rebels were defeated at Beauharnois, Sergeant Cross was among the first to enter the village. And in this connection we may say that while a law student he was chosen clerk of the first municipal council of the county of Beauharnois, then embracing three or four times its present area, and so well did he perform his duties at the first meeting of the council that he was highly complimented for the ability he displayed, by such gentlemen as Lord Selkirk and Edward Gibbon Wakefield, who were guests at the Seigniory house, staying there to observe the working of the new institution. Mr. Cross was called to the bar in 1844, and practised his profession in Montreal more than thirty years, at first with the late Duncan Fisher, Q.C., and subsequently with Attorney-General Smith (who afterwards became the Hon. Judge Smith). During this long period Mr. Cross had an extensive and remunerative practice, and on several occasions he represented the Crown while connected with the distinguished gentlemen mentioned above. During the administration of Viscount Monck, in 1864, he was created a Queen’s counsel. On the 30th of August, 1877, he was appointed one of the judges of the Queen’s Bench for the province of Quebec, and took his seat the first of the following month, at a session of the court held in the city of Quebec. Judge Cross, while in practice at the bar, held a foremost position among the legal fraternity. On the bench he has met the expectations of his many admirers, and his judicial opinions have been received by the Supreme Court and the Privy Council with marked consideration. He has been identified with Montreal since his boyhood days, and has seen the great progress that city has made since he first entered it at his mother’s side. In 1837–8, as we have seen, he helped to quell the rebellion, and in 1849 he was present at the burning of the parliament houses incident on the passing of the Rebellion Losses Bill, and assisted the late Sir Louis H. Lafontaine and some others of the notable politicians of that day in making their escape from the burning building, escorting them unmolested through the turbulent crowd of rioters, among whom he exercised a certain amount of influence. Judge Cross seems always to have had an aversion to public life, and even in his younger days when he was offered political positions of honour, he always declined them. In 1863 he was offered by the Liberal government then in power the position of secretary to the commission for the codification of the laws of Canada, and at a later date the office of attorney-general in the de Boucherville administration, but he refused to accept either of these important offices. He has, nevertheless, suggested and assisted in framing legislative measures of general utility, among which may be mentioned the first statute passed in Canada for the abolition of the Usury laws. He is also the inventor of a new and ingenious method of rotation of numbers. In politics the judge leans to the Liberal side, and his ideas, as well on the subject of finance as on the theory of the popular principle in the election of representatives, are noted for their originality and depth of thought. In religion he is a member of St. Andrew’s (Presbyterian) Church, and has been an office bearer in that church. He is a man of good impulses, and is very generous to the poor. In 1848 he married Julia, daughter of the late William