A Cyclopædia of Canadian Biography. Various

years of Cardinal Taschereau. On the death of the latter, he succeeded him in the See of Quebec, the ceremony of his official investiture in 1899 being an historic event of the greatest interest to the whole province, as was the later celebration of his election as a Cardinal under the title of Saint Vitalis. The details of the distinguished ecclesiastic’s career form a brilliant page in the annals of Canada. Alike at home and abroad, His Eminence Cardinal Bégin has ever been known to fulfil his duty towards his Church and as a loyal citizen of Canada. Frequently he has been called to foreign parts to share in celebrations, such as the solemn coronation ceremonies of Our Lady of Guadalupe at Mexico City, in 1895, where he preached one of the memorial sermons, as well as at Rheims, during a like celebration in 1896, and at Grosse Isle in 1909, when he was the principal speaker at the unveiling of the monument erected to the memory of the Irish immigrants who had fallen victims to the typhus epidemic in 1847. He has also been several times a guest at the Vatican, having enjoyed the confidence of the three successive popes, Leo XIII, Pius X, and Benedict XV, from the last of whom he received his red hat. He has ever been a participant in all the public movements that tended to improve the social and educational conditions in his diocese, having taken a leading part in the founding of one of the leading newspapers of Quebec, known as “L’Action Catholique” and having likewise obtained the restoration of the Cathedral Chapter of Quebec, an institution that had become extinct from the days of the Conquest. He was prominent in the enterprise of unveiling a monument to the memory of Bishop Laval, as he has also been in the various efforts put forth towards beautifying the city with parks and monumental structures commemorative of historic events. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and has been honored by scholastic degrees of the highest merit, bestowed on him by the University of Innsbruck, in Austria, as well as those he has received from Laval and the Gregorian University of Rome. He virtually began his professional career as a teacher of the young, and has never lost his zeal in promoting, as a Member of the Council of Public Instruction, the reforms that make for a right pedagogy in school and college work. His pen has been an active one in adding to the literature to be found in the library collections of his Church, such as “La Règle de Foi” and the “Culte Catholique” not to speak of his writings on Canadian historical topics, as for instance, his “Chronologie d’Histoire du Canada,” his pastoral letters on the “Three Hundredth Anniversary of the Foundation of Quebec,” and his address on the “Second Centenary of the Death of Bishop Laval.” So wide is his knowledge of human affairs, so urbane is he in his manner and so just in his decisions, so charitable is he in his approach to the two sides of a public question, that he has more than once been called upon to act as arbitrator between employer and employees. During the many years of his episcopate he has organized over fifty new parishes, and has never failed to urge the building of spacious churches and school-houses and convents in the most of them. The events of his life have been for the most part the events of his native province and of Canada as well. Even during his travels abroad he always seems to have had in his mind the maturing of a policy of betterment for his people, and the fostering of good will among the various elements of the populations of Canada.

Langelier, The Honorable Sir François-Xavier, Statesman, and Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, comes of very distinguished ancestry, and is one of the most respected, capable and learned of French-Canadian gentlemen, who has taken a leading part in the public life of Canada, and by his brilliant achievements, ripe scholarship and administrative ability, has served as an inspiration and shining example to all who would win a high place in the confidence and esteem of their fellow-countrymen. His parents were Louis Sabastien Langelier and Julie Esther (Cassault). Paternal ancestor came to Canada from Fresquiennes, near Rouen, Normandy, 1652; mother’s family from Granville, France; born at Ste. Rosalie, Province of Quebec, Dec. 24, 1838. Educated at St. Hyacinthe College and Laval University (LL.B., 1860; LL.L., avec grande distinction, 1861; LL.D., 1878), and Paris, France; D.C.L. (honorary) Lennoxville, 1903; married, first Feb., 1884, Virginie Sarah Sophie (died May, 1891), daughter of the late I. Legare, Quebec; secondly, May, 1892, Marie Louise, daughter of late Frederic Braun, late Civil Service, Ottawa; advocate, 1861; was one of the leaders of the Provincial Bar; K.C. (Province Quebec), 1878; also created K.C. by Dominion Government, 1880 (Marquis of Lorne); Batonnier (district Quebec) 1887; Batonnier-General of the Province, 1888; practised his profession successfully in the city of Quebec, where he was many years, from 1866, a member of the law faculty, Laval University, and subsequently, Dean of the Faculty and a member of the Council of the University; was also Vice-President of the Canadian Bar Association; President of the Institute Canadien and President of the Council of the Arts and Manufacturers’ Association; served as Mayor of Quebec, 1882–90; entered political life as a Liberal, and a free trader; was in turn a follower of Mackenzie, Blake and Laurier; unsuccessfully contested Bagot (Local), 1871; subsequently successively sat for Montmagny and Portneuf; sat for Megantic (House of Commons), 1884–87, and for Quebec Centre, 1887–1898; was Commissioner of Crown Lands and Treasurer, successively, in the local Administration of Sir H. G. Joly de Lotbinière, 1878–89; one of the signers of the address from the Liberal party to the Pope, 1896, resulting in the appointment of a Papal ablegate to Canada; a puisne Judge of Supreme Court of Province of Quebec, Jan. 14, 1898; delegated to perform the duties of the Chief Justice for the District of Quebec, June 6, 1906; as Chief Justice, became a member of the Board of Arbitrators, appointed 1891, for the settlement of accounts outstanding at Confederation between the Dominion and the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario; acted as Administrator of the Government of Quebec during the absence of Sir L. A. Jetté, 1903; knighted by his late Majesty King Edward, 1907; and made a Knight of Grace in the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England in 1912; appointed Lieutenant-Governor, Province of Quebec, May, 1911; died February 8, 1915; has served as a Royal Commissioner on several occasions; was prominently identified with the movement for the organization of the Anti-Alcoholic League and its first President, 1907; was also President of the special committee appointed in connection with the tercentenary of the foundation of Quebec, 1906. Elected F.R.S.O., 1908; President, 1910; in addition to other legal productions, is the author of “Traite de la preuve, en matiere civile et commerciale,” and of “Cours de Droit Civil de Quebec.” Is the father of the following children: Juliette, Braun, who took service in the present war, was wounded three times, got the military cross for his bravery, and was promoted captain in the 22nd Batt. French Canadians; Françoise, Marc and Gerard. His Honor is a member of the following clubs: The Quebec Garrison and The Canadian. In religion, a Roman Catholic.

Lynch, Hon. William Warren, B.C., Q.C., D.C.L., LL.D., was born near the Village of Bedford, County of Missisquoi, Province of Quebec, on September 30, 1845. His father, Thomas Lynch, came from the County of Cavan, Ireland, about the year 1830. He served during the Canadian Rebellion in the Shefford Troop of Cavalry, and died at Knowlton, Brome County, on March 19, 1883. His mother, Charlotte R. Williams, was born at Stukely, County of Shefford, Province of Quebec, in the year 1805. Her parents were descendants of U.E. Loyalists, who came from the State of Vermont at the close of the American Revolutionary War. She died in 1885. Mr. Lynch, after taking advantage of the elementary schools in the vicinity of his birthplace, went to Stanbridge Academy in 1858, then a most flourishing institution, under the direction of Hobart Butler, M.A., where he prepared himself for a university course. During his last years at Stanbridge he acted as assistant teacher to Mr. Butler, and then entered the University of Vermont, Burlington, in August, 1861, but owing to the Civil War, which had shortly before broken out, the university course was considerably affected, and Mr. Lynch did not continue his studies there. In September, 1862, he entered the Arts Course of McGill University, Montreal, having secured one of the scholarships offered at a competitive examination. His health failing, he was obliged to abandon his studies before the Christmas examinations. He then engaged in school teaching in winter, and worked on his father’s farm in summer. In 1865 he was admitted to the study of the law, and pursued his studies in the office, first of S. W. Foster, of Knowlton, and afterwards of John Monk, of Montreal. He took his degree of B.C.L. at McGill in May, 1868, and secured the Elizabeth Torrance gold medal, and was admitted to practice in June. The following year he commenced the practice of his profession at Knowlton, and subsequently removed to Sweetsburg, the chef lieu of Bedford District. In the fall of 1870 he assumed the editorial control of the “Observer,” which was started at Cowansville, an adjoining village, and which became an influential organ of public opinion in the district. In June, 1871, during the provincial elections,