A History of Sarawak under Its Two White Rajahs 1839-1908. S. (Sabine) Baring-Gould

Sultan Kemal-Addin, son of Sultan Mahomet Ali, who abdicated in favour of his son-in-law—

      17. Sultan Mahomet Ali-Udin—on his father's side grandson of Sultan Muaddin, on his mother's side great-great-grandson of Sultan Jalil-ul-Akbar. He died before his father-in-law and great uncle, Sultan Kemal-Addin, who again ascended the throne and was succeeded by his son—

      18. Sultan Omar Ali Saif-udin. Died 1795. Succeeded by his son—

      19. Sultan Tej-Walden. Died 1807. He abdicated in favour of his son—

      20. Sultan Jemal-ul-Alam, who reigned for a few months only, and died in 1796, when his father reascended the throne and was succeeded in 1809 by his half-brother—

      21. Sultan Khan Zul-Alam, succeeded by his great-nephew and grandson—

      22. Sultan Omar Ali Saif-udin, second son of Sultan Mahomed Jemal-ul-Alam. Died 1852. He left the throne, by will and general consent of the people, to

      23. Sultan Abdul Mumin, who was descended from Sultan Kemal-Addin. Died 1885, succeeded by

      24. Sultan Hasim-Jalilal Alam Akamaddin, son of Sultan Omar Ali Saif-udin. Died 1906.

      25. Sultan Mahomet Jemal-ul-Alam, son of above.

      The above are abridged extracts. The last two sultans were not included in Low's list, which was made in 1893. Low's spelling of the names is followed.

      Forrest, op. cit., who obtained his information from Mindanau records, states that about 1475 a Sherip Ali and his two brothers came from Mecca. Ali became the first Muhammadan prince in Mindanau; one brother became King of Borneo (Bruni) and the other King of the Moluccas. As regards the date this agrees with the Bruni records, and the brothers might have borne the same name. (See Mahomet Ali, Omar Ali above.)

According to Chinese records, a Chinese is said to have been King of Bruni in the beginning of the 15th century.^[77] This would have been in Ong Sum Ping's time, and it probably refers to him.

      44. Named by the Spaniards Mount St. Paul according to Pigafetta. J. Hunt gives St. Peter's Mount in his Sketch of Borneo, 1812, and a map by Mercator published in about 1595 gives St. Pedro, and old maps of subsequent dates also give the latter name.

      45. But Mr. C. Vernon-Collins, of the Sarawak Civil Service, recently found a bead which has been pronounced at the British Museum to have been made in Venice prior to A.D. 1100. A similar one of the same date was presented by H.H. the Ranee to the British Museum some years ago. It is a bead highly esteemed by the Kayans.

      46. "Book of the Descent," Sir Hugh Low.—Journal of the Straits Branch of the R.A.S., No. 5.

      47. Jewata is the Land-Dayak name of a god from the Sanskrit word dewata, divinity, deity, gods. The Sea-Dyaks also have Jewata in their mythology, likewise Batara, from the Sanskrit bhatar, holy; neither means God, as some writers appear to think. The Dayaks have no idea of theism.

      48. The late Rajah has recorded a tradition of several of the Land-Dayak tribes that in the old times they were under the government of Java, and their tribute was regularly sent there.

      49. The title assumed by the rulers of Majapahit, from "Bhatara," noted above.

      50. According to Crawfurd. Sir Stamford Raffles gives 1475.

      51. Formerly a monarchy whose jurisdiction comprehended all Sumatra, and whose sovereign was talked of with respect in the farthest parts of the East.—Marsden's History of Sumatra.

      52. Lima is a small town on the north coast of Portugal.

      53. Sir Hugh Low, Book of the Descent, op. cit.

      54. See note 2, p. 45.

      55. A Collection of Voyages, 1729, Dampier.

      56. Idem.

      57. Forrest's Voyage to New Guinea, 1779.

      58. Sarawak, Hugh Low, 1848.

      59. Hunt, op. cit.

      60. Dias, in 1487.

      61. "Antiquity of Chinese Trade," J. R. Logan in the Journal of the Indian Archipelago, 1848.

      62. Forrest, op. cit.

      63. Logan, op. cit.

      64. Mercator's map gives Melano, which confirms this supposition. Other places on the Sarawak coast mentioned in this map are Tamaio-baio, Barulo (Bintulu), Puchavarao (Muka), Tamenacrim, and Tamaratos. The first and two last cannot be identified. Tama is of course for tanah, land, and the last name simply means in Malay, the land of hundreds—of many people, which the first name may also imply. Varao being man in Spanish and Portuguese, Puchavarao means the place of the Pucha (Muka) people—Pucha also being a transcriber's error for Puka. It was near this place that the Portuguese captain, who afterwards became a Bruni pangiran (p. 42) was wrecked, and also near this place on Cape Sirik, a point which is continually advancing seaward, that some forty to fifty years ago the remains of a wreck were discovered a considerable distance from the sea, and so must have belonged to a ship wrecked many years before. When Rentap's stronghold in the Saribas was captured by the present Rajah in 1861, an old iron cannon dated 1515 was found there. Traditions exist pointing to wrecks and to the existence of hidden treasure at two or three places along the coast.

      65. Meaning queen-consort.

      66. Probably the Kalaka; the Malays in the Rejang came from that river.

      67. A Voyage to and from the Island of Borneo, 1718.

      68. The Dutch confiscated all foreign ships they could seize found trading in the Archipelago without permission from them to do so.

      69. Borneo and Sumatra were then the great pepper producing countries.

      70. Forrest, op. cit., confirms this, and adds "the Dutch forbid the natives to manufacture cloth."