Physiology of Human Reproduction. George Osol

Secretions of the seminal vesicle

      39 39. Clotting/de-clotting of semen

      40 40. Process of liquefaction

      41 41. Testicular thermoregulation

      42 42. Cryptorchidism

      43 43. Cremaster (mechanism 1)

      44 44. Sweat glands (mechanism 2)

      45 45. Countercurrent heat exchange (mechanism 3)

      46 46. Pampiniform plexus

      47 47. Varicocele

      48 48. Asymmetry in vascular anatomy

      49 49. Erectile tissue

      50 50. Neurovascular mechanism of erection: parasympathetic + NO

      51 51. cGMP is the intracellular second messenger in penile arteries

      52 52. Filling phase

      53 53. Tumescent phase

      54 54. PDE-5 inhibitors

      55 55. Ejaculatory reflex

      56 56. Emission phase

      57 57. Ejaculatory phase

      58 58. Other muscular events during ejaculation

      59 59. Male orgasm

      60 60. Male infertility

      61 61. Low sperm count

      62 62. Semen analysis

      63 63. WHO parameters for semen analysis

      64 64. Hypospadias

      65 65. Erectile dysfunction (ED)

      66 66. Impotence vs. infertility

Chapter 2: The Nonpregnant Adult Female

      1 67. Menarche

      2 68. Menstrual cycle length

      3 69. Hypothalamic pulse generator encoding

      4 70. Mullerian and Wolffian ducts

      5 71. Germinal epithelium

      6 72. Oogonia

      7 73. Primary oocytes

      8 74. Process of attrition

      9 75. Secondary oocyte

      10 76. Arrest in metaphase

      11 77. Ovum

      12 78. Polar body

      13 79. Granulosa cell precursors

      14 80. Unilaminar or primordial follicle

      15 81. Primary follicle

      16 82. Follicular recruitment

      17 83. Zona pellucida

      18 84. Secondary follicle

      19 85. Liquor folliculi

      20 86. Tertiary (= dominant, vesicular, mature or Graafian) follicle

      21 87. Follicular phase

      22 88. Length of follicular vs. luteal phases

      23 89. Estrogen

      24 90. Cooperative mechanism between theca and granulosa cells

      25 91. Thecal production of testosterone

      26 92. Aromatization into estrogen by granulosa cells

      27 93. Follicular cohort

      28 94. Inhibin-activin family

      29 95. Emergence of dominant follicle

      30 96. Estrogen in the follicular phase

      31 97. LH surge

      32 98. Ovulatory phase

      33 99. Ovulation detection kits

      34 100. Cumulus oophorus

      35 101. Corona radiata

      36 102. Corpus luteum

      37 103. Progesterone

      38 104. Luteal phase

      39 105. Endometrium

      40 106. Menstrual phase

      41 107. Proliferative phase

      42 108. Secretory phase

      43 109. Death of the corpus luteum

      44 110. Rescue of the CL

      45 111. Estrogen receptors: ERα and ERβ [111]

      46 112. Major actions of estrogen

      47 113. Major actions of progesterone

Chapter 3: Pregnancy, Parturition, Lactation

      1 114. Secondary oocyte and its vestments

      2 115. Corona radiata

      3 116. Window of pregnancy

      4 117. Number of viable sperm

      5 118. Semen coagulation and liquefaction

      6 119. Cervical mucus and sperm passage

      7 120. Reverse peristalsis

      8 121. Chemical losses/pregnancies

      9 122. Capacitation

      10 123. Decapacitation

      11 124. Acrosome reaction

      12 125. Cortical reaction

      13 126. Zona reaction

      14 127. Block to polyspermy

      15 128. Species specificity

      16 129. Cross-species fertilization

      17 130. Zygote

      18 131. Morula

      19 132. Ectopic pregnancy

      20 133. Blastocyst

      21 134. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

      22 135. Luteo-placental shift

      23 136. Endometrial decidualization

      24 137. Fraternal (dizygotic) twins

      25 138. Identical (monozygotic twins)

      26 139. Incidence of twinning

      27 140. Spiral arteries

      28 141. Structure of a fetal villus

      29 142. Placental transport pathways

      30 143. Gestational diabetes

      31 144. Fetal circulation

      32 145. Placental endocrine secretions

      33 146. Pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone

      34 147. Estrone (E1) and estriol (E3)

      35 148. Nondisjunction

      36 149. Turner syndrome (monosomies)

      37 150. Klinefelter syndrome (trisomies)

      38 151. Fetal membranes

      39 152. Amniocentesis

      40 153. Chorionic villous sampling (CVS)

      41 154. Isolation of cell-free DNA

      42 155. Earl pregnancy proteins

      43 156. Cardiovascular adaptation

      44 157. Respiratory adaptation

      45 158. Uterine (myometrial) adaptation

      46 159. Embryonic period

      47 160. Fetal period

      48 161. Progesterone block

      49 162. Labor

      50 163. Initiation of labor: fetus or mother?

      51 164. Three stages of labor

      52 165. Preterm delivery

      53 166. Production and secretion of milk

      54 167.