Theorizing Crisis Communication. Timothy L. Sellnow

of Fink’s Four-Stage CycleStrengths and Weaknesses of Fink’s Four-Stage CycleTurner’s Six-Stage Sequence of Failure in ForesightApplications of Turner’s Six-Stage Sequence of Failure in ForesightCrisis and Emergency Risk CommunicationApplications of CERCStrengths and Weaknesses of CERCConclusion

      11 5 Theories of Communication and Crisis OutcomesOrganizational LearningSensemakingOrganizational LegitimacyBalance TheoryStealing ThunderSituational Crisis Communication TheoryDiscourse of RenewalConclusion

      12 6 Theories of Communication and Emergency Coping and ResponseAssumptions of Communication and Emergency ResponseChaos Theory and Emergent Self-OrganizationTheories of Communication and Crisis CoordinationCommunication and Community ResilienceFour-Channel Model of CommunicationIntegrated Crisis Mapping ModelConclusion

      13 7 Theories of Crisis Communication and Legacy MediaThe Legacy Mass MediaNews Framing TheoryFocusing Events and Agenda SettingExemplification TheoryUses and Gratifications TheoryCultivation TheoryMedia System Dependency TheoryCrisis News DiffusionDiffusion of InnovationsConclusion

      14 8 Theories about Social Media and Crisis CommunicationSocial Information Processing TheoryWarranting TheoryThe MAIN ModelDialogic Theory of Public RelationsSocial-Mediated Crisis Communication ModelEmerging Theories of Social Media in Crisis CommunicationConclusion

      15 9 Theories of Influence and Crisis CommunicationApologiaImage RepairKategoriaDramatismNarrative TheoryMessage Convergence FrameworkConclusion

      16 10 Theories of Communication and Risk ManagementSocial Amplification of Risk FrameworkRisk Information Seeking and Processing ModelMindfulnessHigh Reliability OrganizationsThe Precautionary PrincipleCultural TheoryThe IDEA ModelConclusion

      17 11 Theories of Crisis Communication and EthicsEthicsCrisis Communication as an Ethical DomainResponsible CommunicationSignificant ChoiceThe Ethic of CareVirtue EthicsJusticeApplications of Moral Theory to CrisisConclusion

      18 12 Applying Theories of Crisis CommunicationChoosing a TheoryThe Rationale for Asking QuestionsQuestions Focusing of OntologyQuestions Focusing on AxiologyQuestions Focusing on EpistemologySelecting a Data Set and MethodSelecting Literature for ReviewForming Conclusions and Implications of ResearchThe Practicality of Theory in Understanding Crisis CommunicationPersistent ChallengesInvisible SuccessGlobal CausationInsufficient Instruction for Self-ProtectionPersistent OpportunitiesNew Perspectives for StudyA Final Word

      19 References

      20 Index

      21 End User License Agreement

      List of Tables

      1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 FEMA Disaster Declaration Criteria.Table 1.2 Typologies of Crisis.Table 1.3 Functions of Crisis Communication.

      2 Chapter 2Meta-Theoretical Elements of Crisis Communication.Definitions of Theory.Functions of Theory.

      3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Limiting Factor on Threat Recognition.Table 3.2 Warning Stages and Actions.

      4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Turner’s Six-Stage Sequence of Failure in Foresight.Table 4.2 Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication.

      5 Chapter 6Summary of Three Perspectives of Disaster Response Coordination.

      6 Chapter 9Image Repair Strategies.Persuasive Attack Strategies.

      7 Chapter 10Mindfulness Versus Mindlessness.Five Principles of High Reliability Organizations.

      8 Chapter 11Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief.Five Ethical Frameworks to Inform Crisis Communication Practices

      9 Chapter 12Asking Questions.

      Guide

      1  Cover

      2  Title page

      3  Copyright

      4 Table of Contents

      5  Chapter

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