Oil-in-Water Nanosized Emulsions for Drug Delivery and Targeting. Tamilvanan Shunmugaperumal

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Название Oil-in-Water Nanosized Emulsions for Drug Delivery and Targeting
Автор произведения Tamilvanan Shunmugaperumal
Жанр Химия
Серия
Издательство Химия
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781119585251



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which resulted in better interfacial adsorption. Synergistic stabilization of o/w emulsions by a mixture of nonionic surfactants and hydrophilic silica nanoparticles has recently been studied by Binks et al. (2007a, b) highlighting the importance of preparation protocol. Attachment energy of a silica particle at the oil–water interface was correlated to emulsion stability. Velev et al. (1996) reported that the adsorption of lysine onto negatively charged latex particles enabled interfacial adsorption due to the reduction of hydration forces and electrostatic repulsion between droplets and particles. The influence of droplet–particle electrostatic interaction on emulsion stability was studied by Binks and Catherine (2005) and Lan et al. (2007). Addition of cationic surfactant CTAB to negatively charged hydrophilic silica dispersions as the aqueous phase of emulsions resulted in enhanced stability at low CTAB concentrations, i.e., the region where CTAB is preferably adsorbed onto silica surface and promoted interfacial adsorption due to neutralization of surface charge and optimization of particle hydrophobicity. This synergistic emulsion stabilization comes from three sources: CTAB (1) hydrophobizes silica nanoparticles by charge neutralization, (2) promotes nanoparticle aggregation, and (3) reduces interfacial tension. However, when the CTAB concentration is such so that both droplets and silica are positively charged, interfacial adsorption and emulsion stability are lost and thus emulsion stability is dramatically reduced.

      There are four different approaches to incorporate lipophilic APIs or heat labile molecules into the oil phase or at the o/w interface of the nanosized emulsions, namely (Tamilvanan and Benita 2004),

       extemporaneous API addition,

       de novo emulsion preparation,

       an interfacial incorporation approach, which includes the recently developed SolEmul® technology, and

       incorporation of antibodies, DNA protein, oligonucleotide, or heat labile molecules.

      Since many APIs of commercial interest generally have a solubility that is too low in FDA‐approved oils, Lance et al. (1995) proposed a method to incorporate such APIs into the interfacial o/w layer of the emulsion droplets. This can be achieved by initially dissolving the API along with the phospholipid (emulsifier) in an organic solvent, instead of in the oil.

Schematic illustration for preparation of nanosized emulsion.