Fishing For Dummies. Greg Schwipps

The spawning season (time for breeding, eggs, and nesting) of each species of fish will definitely affect the angling for that species. While spawning, some fish are nearly impossible to catch, whereas others become emboldened. There are ethical issues to consider when fishing for spawning fish, as well. Do you really want to remove or even disrupt the biggest fish in the body of water while they are busy creating the future’s big fish?

All fish are affected by lunar cycles, too. Traditionally, the three days on either side of a new or full moon make for better fishing. (Although it will alter night fishing and daytime fishing differently. Some anglers swear by fishing a full moon — others feel like it’s impossible to catch fish at night then.) Lunar cycles also change the tides, as a full moon marks an especially high and low tide (a.k.a. a spring tide even though it can occur all year).

      In rivers, a steady rise of the water level can excite fish. A sharp fall can shut them down. A big rain can raise a lake or pond level and activate fish.

      There’s a lot of opinion out there about the right time to fish. The bottom line: Fish when you can. Let’s face it — your work and family schedule will dictate your fishing time, anyway. But if you begin to notice a pattern, like a new moon triggers a hot dawn bite on your favorite smallmouth stream, you may need to schedule some mental health days.

Watching the Weather

      Everyone knows that the weather affects fishing. Beyond that, there are no agreements regarding the two subjects. Much of what you hear about fishing weather patterns will be discounted or contradicted elsewhere. Most anglers agree that a cold front makes fishing tough, as fish go deep and grow sluggish. (Although fishing before the cold front arrives can be super.) High pressure, bluebird-sky days look like the perfect fishing days, but they’re often marked by tough bites.

      Planning a trip around the weather

      It won’t take you long to notice how weather patterns affect your kind of fishing. Several years ago, I caught some of my biggest blue catfish from the Ohio River while fishing on hot, cloudless days — exactly when I would not have expected a bite! But when I noticed this pattern, I fished more of those dog days. As a rule, though, cloudy, overcast days make for better fishing than sunny, bright days. Some anglers are uncomfortable fishing in the rain, but a steady rain can trigger ferocious feeding.

      If you’re planning a trip a week or two in advance, how can you predict the weather? You can’t. Just go and make the most of it. You might find, though, that shifting a day trip by a couple of hours in either direction could make a big difference on that day.

      Reacting to changing weather while fishing

      The old saw about “If you don’t like the weather in __________, wait five minutes and it will change!” seems to be told in every state in the Union. You know the weather will change, and sooner or later, a fishing trip will be affected by a sudden development overhead. Will this turn the fish on or off? It’s impossible to say, but you need to be prepared. Your safety should come first. Some anglers have found that an approaching storm triggers the best bite of the day, but you'll find it inconvenient to be struck by lightning just because you’re unwilling to leave a hot bite. Be prepared for weather changes because although you can’t predict what it will do to the fishing, you know it will affect you. (For advice on how to prepare a foul-weather bag, turn to Chapter 2.)

Chapter 4

      Putting a Face on the Fins: Common Freshwater Fish

      IN THIS CHAPTER

      

Revealing the most popular freshwater fish

      

Understanding the different families of fish

      

Discovering the different habitats of popular species

      Wherever you are, chances are you’re close to some fishable water: mountain streams, Great Lakes, little lakes, farm ponds, deep reservoirs, or mighty rivers. Freshwater fishing is so popular in large part because of this incredible wealth of habitat, which is home to some pretty amazing fish.

      You probably have — or will soon acquire — a favorite species of freshwater fish. And you might already have a favorite place to pursue that fish. Although traveling long distances to fish is one of the greatest joys and challenges in angling, most people usually fish in water close to home. Either way, getting to know various species of fish (and their habitats) is the first step toward discovering your favorite quarry, or your next piscatorial challenge. Anglers find themselves drawn to particular fish for various reasons — they like the way a smallmouth bass leaps when hooked; they love the quiet streams where brook trout live; they enjoy catching perch because they taste great; or they simply like the action of casting large plugs for northern pike. The more fish you know, the more fish you begin to understand and appreciate, the longer your list of options for fishing on any given day.

Sunfish

      Odds are, more people's “first fish” are caught from the sunfish family than from any other group of freshwater fish. Consisting of 30 species, the sunfish family includes the widespread and feisty bluegill, the sporty crappie, and the highly prized largemouth and smallmouth bass. These are the most popular species from this family, and they appear throughout North America. They likely wait near your house to offer you great sport and table fare.

      Bluegills: America’s spunky little sweetheart

      Sometimes known as bream in southern locales, bluegills range in color from dark green to yellow to almost white. (The habitat they reside in can influence their color — in clear water, such as that found in a quarry, they tend to be lighter, for example.) These hand-sized fish love ponds and lakes, and appear in running water, as well. They eat a variety of insects and crustaceans, and bite willingly on a variety of baits. Bluegills rarely exceed 15 inches in length, and they are often much smaller. They seek quiet, weedy water where they can feed and hide. They like shade during the hottest parts of the day and usually remain near some kind of cover (like docks) because they are common prey for fish such as largemouth bass. Bluegills adapt well to a variety of habitats, and are often stocked in retention ponds and community lakes. Bluegills fit easily in the hand, but take care with the dorsal fin, which consists of spines that can deliver a painful stab. Bluegills fight fiercely with every ounce when hooked, similar to a lightweight boxer bouncing around the ring. You can see a bluegill in the color section.

      Crappies: A little bigger, and a bit sportier

      Crappies fight well on light tackle and can taste great. They tend to school, so catching one is a good sign of things to come. Crappies might grow to nearly 20 inches and 5 pounds, but that would truly be a monster specimen. There are white crappies and black crappies, and although both are common, the white crappie is more widespread. Both species are popular with anglers all over North America because they bite eagerly on all kinds of bait and small lures (see Chapters 11 and 12 for more on bait and lures). Minnows work well for crappies because adults usually feed on small fish, although they won’t pass up insects and crustaceans. Crappies do well in a variety of waters and prefer the silted, slow-moving water found in ponds and reservoirs throughout the country.