Combatting Modern Slavery. Genevieve LeBaron

https://ditm-twdc-us.storage.googleapis.com/FY12DisneyCitizenshipSummary_FINAL_0.pdf. 7 Kazmin, ‘How Benetton faced up to the aftermath of Rana Plaza’. 8 See, for instance, Tim Bartley, Rules without Rights: Land, Labor, and Private Authority in the Global Economy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018); A. Claire Cutler, Virginia Haufler and Tony Porter, eds., Private Authority and International Affairs (New York: State University of New York Press, 1999). 9 Genevieve LeBaron, Jane Lister and Peter Dauvergne, ‘Governing global supply chain sustainability through the ethical audit regime’, Globalizations 14/6 (2017), p. 959.10 Bartley, Rules without Rights, p. 46.11 For an overview, see Nicola Phillips, Genevieve LeBaron and Sara Wallin, ‘Mapping and measuring the effectiveness of labour-related disclosure requirements for global supply chains’, ILO Research Department Working Paper No. 32, June (Geneva: International Labour Organization, 2018).12 Genevieve LeBaron, Report of Findings: The Global Business of Forced Labour (Sheffield: SPERI, 2018), pp. 38–42.13 Marcus Stern, ‘The human cost hidden within a cup of coffee’, The Source, 19 January 2017, https://features.weather.com/thesource/.14 Kate Hodal, Chris Kelly and Felicity Lawrence, ‘Revealed: Asian slave labour producing prawns for supermarkets in US, UK’, Guardian, 10 June 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jun/10/supermarket-prawns-thailand-produced-slave-labour; Annie Kelly, ‘Thai seafood: Are the prawns on your plate still fished by slaves?’, Guardian, 23 January 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/jan/23/thai-seafood-industry-report-trafficking-rights-abuses; Kate Knibbs, ‘Apple banned bonded servitude, but we aren’t sure about its rivals’, Gizmodo, 19 February 2015, https://gizmodo.com/apple-finally-banned-bonded-servitude-so-what-about-it-1686291768; Wesley Stephenson, ‘Have 1,200 World Cup workers really died in Qatar?’, BBC News, 6 June 2015, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-33019838.15 See, for instance, Kevin Bales, Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012 [2000]).16 John Bowe, Nobodies: Modern American Slave Labor and the Dark Side of the New Global Economy (New York: Random House, 2007), p. xx.17 Kevin Bales and Ron Soodalter, The Slave Next Door: Human Trafficking and Slavery in America Today (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009).18 See openDemocracy’s Beyond Trafficking and Slavery hub for debates about the term ‘modern slavery’.19 Janie Chuang, ‘Exploitation creep and the unmaking of human trafficking law’, American Journal of International Law 108/4 (2014), pp. 609–649.20 Julia O’Connell Davidson, Modern Slavery: The Margins of Freedom (London: Palgrave, 2015).21 Neil Howard, Cameron Thibos and Genevieve LeBaron, ‘Why we need to move beyond trafficking and slavery’, openDemocracy.net, 3 October 2014, https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/beyond-trafficking-and-slavery/introduction/.22 ILO, Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage (Geneva: International Labour Organization, 2017); ILO, Profits and Poverty: The Economics of Forced Labour (Geneva: International Labour Organization, 2017).23 See, for instance, Michael Toffel, Jodi Short and Melissa Ouellet ‘Codes in context: How states, markets, and civil society shape adherence to global labor standards.’ Regulation & Governance 9 (2015), pp. 205–223; Greg Distelhorst and Richard M. Locke, ‘Does compliance pay? Social standards and firm-level trade’, American Journal of Political Science 62/3 (2017), pp. 695–711; Greg Distelhorst, Jens Hainmueller, and Richard M. Locke, ‘Does lean improve labor standards? Management and social performance in the Nike supply chain’, Management Science 63/3 (2017), pp. 707–728; Marieke Koekkoek, Axel Marx and Jan Wouters, ‘Monitoring forced labour and slavery in global supply chains: The case of the California Act on transparency in supply chains’, Global Policy 8/4 (2017), pp. 552–530; Richard Locke, F. Qin and A. Brause, ‘Does monitoring improve labor standards? Lessons from Nike’, Industrial and Labor Relations Review 61/1 (2007), pp. 3–31; Graeme Auld and Stefan Renckens, ‘Rule-making feedbacks through intermediation and evaluation in transnational private governance’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 670/1 (2017), pp. 93–111.24 See, for instance, Burkard Eberlein, Kenneth W. Abbott, Julia Black, Errol Meidinger and Stepan Wood, ‘Transnational business governance interactions: Conceptualisation and framework for analysis’, Regulation & Governance 8/1 (2013), pp. 1–21; Graeme Auld and Stefan Renckens, ‘Rule-making feedbacks through intermediation and evaluation in transnational private governance’; Benjamin Cashore, Graeme Auld and Deanna Newsome, Governing Through Markets: Forest Certification and the Emergence of Non-State Authority (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004); Hamish van der Ven, Catharine Rothacker and Benjamin Cashore, ‘Do eco-labels prevent deforestation? Lessons from non-state market driven governance in the soy, palm oil, and cocoa sectors’, Global Environmental Change 52 (2018), pp. 141–151.25 See, for instance, Carlos Oya, Florian Schafer and Dafni Skalidou, ‘The effectiveness of agricultural certification in developing countries: A systematic review’, World Development 112 (2018), pp. 282–312; Michael J. Bloomfield and Philip Schleifer, ‘Tracing failure of coral reef protection in nonstate market-driven governance’, Global Environmental Politics 17/1 (2017), pp. 127–146.26 Matthew Potoski and Aseem Prakash, ‘Preface’, in Matthew Potoski and Aseem Prakash, eds., Voluntary Programs: A Club Theory Perspective (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009), p. viiii.27 See, for instance, Lars H. Gulbrandsen ‘Dynamic governance interactions: Evolutionary effects of state responses to non-state certification programs’, Regulation & Governance 8/1 (2012), pp. 74–92; Philip Schleifer, ‘Varieties of multi-stakeholder governance: Selecting legitimation strategies in transnational sustainability politics’, Globalizations 16/1 (2018), pp. 50–66; van der Ven, Rothacker and Cashore, ‘Do eco-labels prevent deforestation?’; Ketty Kortelainen ‘Global supply chains and social requirements: Case studies of labour condition auditing in the People’s Republic of China’, Business Strategy and the Environment 17 (2008), pp. 431–443.28 LeBaron, Report of Findings: The Global Business of Forced Labour.29 These include LeBaron, Report of Findings: The Global Business of Forced Labour; Andrew Crane, Genevieve LeBaron, Jean Allain and Laya Behbahani, ‘Governance gaps in eradicating forced labour: From global to domestic supply chains’, Regulation & Governance 13/1 (2017), pp. 1–21; Jean Allain, Andrew Crane, Genevieve LeBaron and Laya Behbahani, Forced Labour’s Business Models and Supply Chains (York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2013); Genevieve LeBaron, Neil Howard, Cameron Thibos and Penelope Kyritsis, Confronting Root Causes: Forced Labour in Global Supply Chains (Sheffield: SPERI/openDemocracy, 2018); Genevieve LeBaron and Andreas Ruhmkorf, ‘Steering CSR through home state regulation: A comparison of the impact of the UK Bribery Act and Modern Slavery Act on global supply chain governance’, Global Policy 8/3 (2017), pp. 14–28; Genevieve LeBaron and Andreas Ruhmkorf, ‘The domestic politics of corporate accountability legislation: Struggles over the 2015 Modern Slavery Act’, Socio-Economic Review (2017), pp. 1–35.30 See David McNally, Another World Is Possible: Globalization and Anti-Capitalism (Winnipeg, MB: Arberiter Ring Publishing, 2006); Naomi Klein, No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies (London: Picador, 1999).31 For the Life Magazine story, see International Labor Rights Forum, https://laborrights.org/in-the-news/six-cents-hour-1996-life-article. For Phil Knight’s quote, see China Labor Watch, ‘TED case study: Nike Shoes and child labour in Pakistan’, China Labor Watch, 4 November 2010, http://www.chinalaborwatch.org/newscast/66.32 Burhan Wazir, ‘Nike accused of tolerating sweatshops’, Guardian, 20 May 2001, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/may/20/burhanwazir.theobserver.33 See, for instance, Marcus Taylor, ‘Race you to the bottom … and back again? The uneven development of labour codes of conduct’, New Political Economy 16/4 (2011), pp. 445–462; Edna Bonacich