A Guide to the Scientific Career. Группа авторов

What Is a Letter to the Editor? 61.2 How to Approach Writing a Letter to the Editor 61.3 What Happens When Your Letter Has Been Accepted? Further Reading 62 Writing a Book Review 62.1 Introduction 62.2 Strategy for Crafting Book Reviews 62.3 Negative and Positive Book Reviews 62.4 Editorial Guidance 62.5 Checklist for Writing a Book Review References 63 Use of Illustrations and Figures to Enhance Scientific Presentations and Publications 63.1 Introduction 63.2 What Is Medical Illustration? 63.3 Types of Illustrations 63.4 Illustrations and Research Design 63.5 Sourcing Illustrations 63.6 Collaborations 63.7 Conclusion Further Reading 64 How to Prepare Supplemental Materials for Scientific Publications 64.1 Introduction 64.2 Definition of Supplemental Materials 64.3 How to Decide What Is Supplementary 64.4 Types of Supplemental Materials and How to Prepare Them 64.5 Online Storage and Access 64.6 Conclusions References 65 Reference‐Management Software 65.1 Introduction 65.2 Situational Example 65.3 What Is on the Market? 65.4 What to Expect from an RMS 65.5 Working in Collaboration and Sharing 65.6 In‐Computer versus Cloud 65.7 All Is Well? What Does the Future Hold? References Further Reading

      12  Section IX: Biostatistics 66 Basic Statistical Analysis for Original Studies 66.1 Introduction 66.2 Measures of Central Tendencies 66.3 Types of Data 66.4 Distribution of Data 66.5 Transformation (Normalization) of Data 66.6 Measures of Variability 66.7 P‐Value and its Importance 66.8 Outliers 66.9 Various Statistical Tests and their Uses 66.10 Nonparametric Tests 66.11 Statistical Power 66.12 Determination of Sample Size 66.13 Establishing a Statistical Relationship 66.14 Interpretation of Interactions 66.15 Determination of Statistical Causality 66.16 Adjustment of Covariates in Clinical Trials 66.17 Statistical Software Packages Acknowledgments References Further Reading 67 An Overview of Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis 67.1 Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 67.2 Structure of a Meta‐Analysis 67.3 Role of Meta‐Analysis in Evidence‐Based Medicine 67.4 Critical Appraisal Sheet for Systematic Reviews References 68 An Introduction to Meta‐Analysis 68.1 Introduction 68.2 Step One: Frame a Study Question 68.3 Step Two: Search the Literature and Conduct Initial Screening 68.4 Step Three: Conduct Risk of Bias Appraisal of Full Texts 68.5 Step Four: Abstract Data from Individual Studies 68.6 Step Five: Assess Whether the Studies Are Homogeneous 68.7 Step Six: Conduct Fixed Effects or Random Effects Meta‐analysis and Perform Sensitivity Analyses 68.8