1, 2 Peter and Jude Through the Centuries. Rebecca Skaggs

God Gives Grace to the Humble (vv.6–11) The Final Promise to All (vv.10–11) Final Greetings: Who, Where, and How (vv.12–14) Who is Silvanus and What is His Role in the Writing of the Epistle? Who is “Mark?” Where/What is Babylon?

      10  Chapter 6: Jude: A Dynamic Response to Heresy Greeting and Purpose Purpose (v.3) The Body of the Epistle: Charges/Punishment Predicted (vv.4–16) The Fallen Angels: Second Example of Punishment (v.6) Sodom and Gomorrah: Third Example (v.7) Second Set of Triple Charges (vv.8–11): Pollution, Rejection of Authority, Slander of Heavenly Beings The Illustration: The Dispute Between Michael and Satan (v.9) Three Examples of Punishment: Cain, Balaam, and Korah (v.11) Metaphors of Charges Against the Teachers (vv.12–16) Prediction of Punishment: Enoch’s Prophecy (vv.14–16) Exhortations to the Faithful (17–23) Closing Doxology (vv.24–25) Effects in Literature, Culture, and Art: Michael and Satan’s Dispute (v.9)

      11  Chapter 7: Excursus: Jude’s Role in the Reception History of Enoch Enoch in the Early Church Summary Effects in Literature, Culture, and Art: The Fallen Angels, Jude 6; 2 Peter 2:4

      12  Chapter 8: Greetings and the Bases for Certainty (2 Peter 1) Greetings: Authorship, Authenticity, and Authority (1:1–2) The Basis for Certainty and Peter’s Response: Participation in the Divine Nature (1:4–11) Can Salvation Be Lost? (vv.10–11) More Grounds for Certainty: Eyewitness Testimony (1:12–15) Even More Grounds for Certainty: The Nature of Prophecy and the Inspiration of Scripture (1:16–21)

      13  Chapter 9: The False Teachers and Peter’s Response (2 Peter 2:1–22)

      14  Chapter 10: Where is the Promise of His Coming? (2 Peter 3:1–18) Reaffirmation and Reminders (3:1–3) Where is the Promise and Peter’s Response: Judgment and Rescue (3:4–10) Final Exhortations (3:11–18)

      15  Chapter 11 Excursus: Delay of the Parousia (2 Peter 3) Modern and Current Scholarship (eighteenth to twenty‐first centuries)

      16  Concluding Remarks

      17  Appendix 1: Who Wrote These Epistles? The Reception of 1, 2 Peter and Jude 1 Peter's Authenticity Jude’s Authenticity 2 Peter’s Authenticity

      18  Appendix 2: Ancient Writers, their Writings, and their Sources

      19  Appendix 3: Reception Historical Timeline

      20  Appendix 4: Overview of the Reception History of Enoch The Book of the Watchers: the fallen angels

      21  Glossary

      22  Bibliography Websites

      23  Index of Biblical References

      24  Index

      25  End User License Agreement

      List of Illustrations

      1 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 “Anastasia” fresco (c.1315). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/F...Figure 3.2 The Tiberius Psalter (mid‐eleventh century). https://commons.wiki...Figure 3.3 “The Harrowing of Hell” in Petite Heures de Jean de Berry.https:/...Figure 3.4 Duccio di Buoninsegna (c.1308–1311), Italian. https://commons.wik...Figure 3.5 Fra Angelico (1450), Italian. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/...Figure 3.6 Fierenzo (1365), Italian. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File...Figure 3.7 Dürer, “Descent of Christ” (1510), German. https://commons.wikime...Figure 3.8 Bermejo, “The Descent