Human Metabolism. Keith N. Frayn

hormones were hormones and metabolites were metabolites – now we know that the distinction is far from clear, with many compounds we regard as metabolites signalling through receptors as do ‘true hormones,’ thereby modulating metabolism. (We note in passing that the late Derek Williamson – colleague to both of us, and mentor to one [RDE], would not have been surprised: he had long predicted that the ketone bodies had a signalling role.)

      We have always recognised that this textbook needed to be regarded as a complement to a more conventional biochemistry textbook, which would give details of pathways rather than just notes on their regulation. We have both taught metabolism to biochemistry and medical students in Oxford, and for this edition decided to combine our areas of expertise and to add material to the book that would enable it to be used more independently. Thus, in Chapter 1 of this new edition, we have provided overviews of metabolic pathways that will then be described in more detail in subsequent chapters. A particular emphasis of the later chapters, as in previous editions, is the tissue-specificity of these metabolic pathways. We are aware that this textbook is used by medical and nursing students and that has prompted us to include more material relevant to metabolism in clinical situations such as cancer, sepsis, and trauma. We hope this material will be of interest to all students, including those of nutrition and sports science, as it illustrates how metabolism may be perturbed. The small revision to the title of the book reflects these changes.

      We thank Michael Goran, Fredrik Karpe, Denise Robertson and Garry Tan, who have helped us by reading, and commenting on, sections of the book. Any errors remaining are our responsibility. We are enormously grateful to Anne Clark, Mike Symonds and Roy Taylor for providing pictures and data. We give special thanks to Professor Rui Fontes of the University of Porto who translated edition 3 into Portuguese, and in so doing pointed out many errors, most of which had persisted through all the editions. Jenny Seward and James Watson, and their editorial team at Wiley, have been very helpful to us as we prepared this edition. Finally, we thank Theresa and Helen for putting up with us during the hours we spent at the computer producing this new edition.

Abbreviations

      Some abbreviations used only within a figure, table or box, and defined there, are not included here. Some abbreviations are given in the text not because the terms are used frequently, but because the substance in question is often better known by its abbreviation. In such cases, if the abbreviation only occurs in one limited section, it will not be listed here.

ABC (G5, G8, etc.)	ATP-binding cassette-containing protein-G5, G8 etc.
ACAT	acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase
ACC	acetyl-CoA carboxylase
ACCORD	Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes
ACE	angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACS	acyl-CoA synthase
ACSL	long-chain acyl-CoA synthase
ACTH	adrenocorticotrophic hormone (corticotrophin)
ADH	antidiuretic hormone
ADP	adenosine 5′-diphosphate
AEE	activity energy expenditure
AGE	advanced glycation end-product
AgRP	Agouti-related protein
AIDS	Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome
ALT	alanine aminotransferase
AMP	adenosine 5′-monophosphate
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ANP	atrial natriuretic peptide
APOA, B, C, E, etc.	apolipoprotein A,B,C,E, etc.
ARB	angiotensin receptor blocker
AST	aspartate aminotransferase
ATGL	adipose triacylglycerol (or triglyceride) lipase
ATP	adenosine 5′-trisphosphate
BAT	brown adipose tissue
BCAA	branched chain amino acid
BCAT	branched chain amino acid aminotransferase
BCKD(C)	branched chain 2-oxoacid (α-ketoacid) dehydrogenase (complex)
BMCP1	brain mitochondria carrier protein 1
BMI	body mass index
BMR	basal metabolic rate
BNP	brain natriuretic peptide
cAMP	cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
CARS	compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome
CAT-1, 2	carnitine-acyl transferase-1, 2
CCK	cholecystokinin
CETP	cholesteryl ester transfer protein
cGMP	cyclic guanosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cyclic GMP)
CHD	coronary heart disease
ChRE	carbohydrate response element
ChREBP	carbohydrate response element binding protein
CIM	critical illness myopathy
CIP	critical illness polyneuropathy
CNP	C-type natriuretic peptide
CNS	central nervous system
CoA	coenzyme A
CoASH	coenzyme A reduced form
CoQ10	ubiquinone
CPT-1, 2	carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1, 2
CSII	continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
DHA	docosahexaenoic acid (22 : 6 n-3)
D-2HG	D-2-hydroxyglutarate Скачать книгу В начало < 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 > В конец