Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants. Bharat Singh

and 7,29,49-trimethoxyflavone from the root bark of A. odoratissima; syringaresinol from the bark of Albizia falcataria (Liswidowati et al. 2001); and grandibracteoside A, grandibracteoside B, and grandibracteoside C have been isolated from the leaves of Albizia grandibracteata (Krief et al. 2005).

3-O-[α-L-Arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid, 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxyβ-D-glucopyranosyl acacic acid lactone, 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl echinocystic acid, concinnoside D, 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyloleanolic acid, 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid, 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid, 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside echinocystic acid, and 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside echinocystic acid were isolated from the aerial parts of A. inundata and showed cytotoxic activity (Zhang et al. 2011); kaempferol and quercetin 3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-galacopyranosides have been isolated and identified from the leaves of A. lebbeck (el-Mousallamy 1998). Lebbeckoside A and B have been isolated from the roots of A. lebbeck and both saponins showed significant cytotoxic activity against U-87 MG and TG1 cancer cells (Noté et al. 2015).

Besides abovementioned compounds, the other acyclic farnesyl sesquiterpene glycoside 1-O-[6-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside]-(2E,6E)-farnesol and the squalene derivative 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene, benzyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, benzyl 6-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, linalyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, linalyl-6-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoate-6-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, n-hexyl-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, n-octyl-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, ethyl fructofuranoside, lebbeckanin I, lebbeckanin II, and 3β:16α-dihydroxyolean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid and its partial synthesis from echinocystic acid were identified from A. lebbeck (Barua and Raman 1959; Abdel Ghani et al. 2016; Al-Massarani et al. 2017). Lupeol, lupenone, vitalboside-A and vitalboside-A-2′-methylglucuronate have been identified from A. gummifera (Rukunga and Waterman 2001). The albiziahexoside from A. lebbeck showed cytotoxic activity (Ueda et al. 2003). The oleanane-type triterpene saponins {3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid and 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl acacic acid lactone} along with {3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl echinocystic acid, 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl acacic acid lactone, 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid, 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid, 3-O- [β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyloleanolic acid, 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside echinocystic acid, 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside echinocystic acid} were separated from methanolic extract of A. inundata (Otani et al. 1991; Zhang et al. 2011). The J₅, J₈, J₁₂, and J₁₃ saponins were isolated from A. julibrissin and showed antitumor activity in human tumor cell lines (Zou et al. 2005; Han et al. 2011; Zheng et al. 2010; Zheng et al. 2006). Albizoside D and E were isolated from A. chinensis and showed cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell lines (Debella et al. 2000). Three alkaloidic compounds such as 3,3-dimethyl-4-(1-aminoethyl)-azetidin-2-one, 2,4-bis(hydroxylamino)-5-nitropyrimidine, and 2-amino-4-hydroxy pteridine-6-carboxylic acid were isolated and purified from A. lebbeck leaves (Shenta and Al-Maliki 2013); albiziatrioside A and B from whole plant A. subdimidiata (Abdel-Kader et al. 2001); and coriarioside A, coriarioside B, gummiferasoide C from the roots of Albizia coriaria (Noté et al. 2009). The A. lebbeck extracts showed the presence of catechins, kaempferol, quercetin, lupeol, α-amyrine, saponins (albiziasaponin A, B, and C), triterpenoids, and albizinin (Martinez et al. 1995; Pal et al. 1995).

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