The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India. Getzel M. Cohen

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bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-0-520-27382-5 (cloth, alk. paper)

      eISBN 9780520953567

      1. Cities and towns, Ancient—Assyria. 2. Cities and towns, Ancient—Asia, Central. 3. Greeks—Assyria—History. 4. Greeks—Asia, Central—History. 5. Greece—Colonies— History. I. Title.

      DS75.C65 2-13

      939’.6—dc232012016046

      Manufactured in the United States of America

      22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      In keeping with its commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Cascades Enviro 100, a 100% post consumer waste, recycled, de-inked fiber. FSC recycled certified and processed chlorine free. It is acid free, Ecologo certified, and manufactured by BioGas energy.

      In honor of my children and my grandchildren

      “Haec sunt ornamenta mea”

      Contents

      PREFACE

      THE SOURCES

      Mesopotamia, Bactria and India

      AN OVERVIEW

      Armenia, Mesopotamia and the Gulf Region, Assyria and Apolloniatis, The Iranian Plateau, Bactria, India

      I. ARMENIA

      Arsamosata, Artaxata, Artemita, Epiphaneia on the Tigris, Nicea Nialia, Nikopolis, Philadelpheia, Tigranokerta

      II. NORTHERN MESOPOTAMIA

      Alagma, Alexandreia in Mesopotamia, Alexandreia in Mygdonia, Amida, Anthemousias Charax Sidou, Antioch Arabis, Antioch in Mygdonia, Apameia on the Euphrates, Dara/Dora, Diospage, Edessa/Antioch on the Kallirhoe, Ichnai, Kallinikon, Karrhai, Kirkesion, Makedonoupolis, Nikatoris, Nikephorion Constantina/Constantia, Nikephorion (Raqqah), Polyteleia, Selok, Stratonikeia, Zenodotion

      III. ASSYRIA AND APOLLONIATIS/SITTAKENE

      Alexandreia Arbela, Alexandreia in Assyria, Antioch, Apameia, Apollonia, Artemita, Atousia, Beth Nikator/Nikator Station, Chala, Demetrias, Diadochoupolis, Karka de Beth Selok, Ktesiphon, Laodikeia, Natounia or Natounisarokerta, Nikator, Selok near Karka Juddan, Sittake

      IV. SOUTHERN MESOPOTAMIA AND THE PERSIAN GULF

      Alexandreia/Antioch/Spasinou Charax, Alexandreia near Babylon, [Alexandreia] near the Pallakopas, Alexandreia on the Tigris, Alexandrou Nesos Arakia, Altars of Alexander, Antioch in Persis, Antioch on the Ishtar Canal, Apameia in Mesene, Apameia near the Seleias, Apollonia, Arethousa, Artemita, Babylon, Bahrain, Chalkis, Ikaros, Karrhai, Larisa, Neapolis on the Euphrates, *Nikatoropolis, Portus Macedonum, Seleukeia on the Erythraean Sea, Seleukeia on the Euphrates (Babylonia), Seleukeia on the Tigris, Seleukeia ΥΠΟ ΠΕΡΣΩΝ, Trapezous, Uruk, Zetis

      V. ELYMAIS, SUSIANA, PERSIS, AND CARMANIA

      Alexandreia ΕΠΙ ΣΟΥΣΟΙΣ, Alexandreia in Carmania, Alexandreia in Susiana, Alexandreia ΠΡΟΣ ΠΕΡΣΑΣ, Alexandrou Nesos Arakia, Altars of Alexander, Antioch in Persis, Arbis in Gedrosia, Gabai, Hermoupolis, Ionaka Polis, Laodikeia, Masjid-i Sulaiman, Methone, Portus Macedonum, Seleukeia in Elymais, Seleukeia near the Hedyphon, Seleukeia on the Erythraean Sea, Seleukeia on the Eulaios, Stasis, Tanagra, Tragonike, Zetis

      VI. MEDIA, HYRCANIA, AND PARTHIA

      Achaia in Parthia, Alexandropolis, Apameia, Bisitun, Charax, Charis, Epiphaneia Ekbatana, Eumeneia, Europos Rhagai, Hekatompylos, Herakleia, Kalliope, Kangavar, Karafto, Khurha, Laodikeia in Media, Laodikeia Nihavand, Nisaia (Nigaia), Settlements Founded by Alexander among the Kossaioi, Sirynx, Soteira

      VII. ARIA, SOGDIANA, BACTRIA, AND ARACHOSIA

      Achaia in Aria, Aï Khanoum, Alexandreia/Alexandropolis in Sakastane, Alexandreia/Antioch in Margiana, Alexandreia/Antioch in Scythia, Alexandreia/Antioch Tharmata, Alexandreia Eschate, Alexandreia in Arachosia, Alexandreia in Aria, Alexandreia in Opiane, Alexandreia in Parapamisadai, Alexandreia in Sogdiana, Alexandreia Kapisa, Alexandreia near Baktra, Alexandreia of the Caucasus, Alexandreia on the Tanais, Alexandreia Oxeiana, Alexandreschata in Scythia, Antioch, Arigaion, Artakoana/Artakaena, Demetrias in Arachosia, Demetrias in Sogdiana, Eukratideia, Herakleia/Achais (Achaia), Iasonion, Kadrusia/um, Kampyr Tepe, Marakanda, Nikaia, Prophthasia, Rhoitia in Bactria, Soteira, Tetragonis, Thera in Sogdiana

      VIII. INDIA

      Alexander’s Harbor, Alexandreia [?] at the Junction of the Akesines and Indus, Alexandreia by Poros, Alexandreia in Makarene, Alexandreia ΚΑΤΑ ΤΟΝ ΜΕΛΑΝΑ ΚΟΛΠΟΝ, Alexandreia of the Oreitai, Alexandreia [?] of the Sogdoi, [Alexandreia] on the Akesines, Alexandreia ΠΑΡΑ ΣΩΡΙΑΝΟΙΣ, Alexandreia Rhambakia, Alexandropolis, Antioch Tharmata, Arbis, Asterousia, Barke, Bazira, Boukephala, Byzantion, Charis, Daidala, Demetrias in Sind, Iomousa, Kalliope, Leuke, Massaga, [Chief City of] Musikanos/oi, Nagara Dionysopolis, Nikaia, Nysa, Ora, Massaga, and Bazira, Orobatis, Pantipolis, Patala, Pentapolis, Pushkalavati, Sagala Euthymedia, Salagissa, Taxila, Theophila, Xoana, Xylinepolis

      APPENDICES

I.Founders
II.Settlements