The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India. Getzel M. Cohen

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      In honor of beloved Virgil–

      “O degli altri poeti onore e lume …”

      –Dante, Inferno

      The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the Classical Literature Endowment Fund of the University of California Press Foundation, which was established by a major gift from Joan Palevsky.

      The Hellenistic Settlements in the East

      from Armenia and Mesopotamia

      to Bactria and India

      HELLENISTIC CULTURE AND SOCIETY

      General Editors:

      Anthony W. Bulloch, Erich S. Gruen, A. A. Long, and Andrew F. Stewart

I.		Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age, by Peter Green
II.		Hellenism in the East: The Interaction of Greek and Non-Greek Civilizations from Syria to Central Asia after Alexander, edited by Amélie Kuhrt and Susan Sherwin-White
III.		The Question of “Eclecticism”: Studies in Later Greek Philosophy, edited by J. M. Dillon and A. A. Long
IV.		Antigonos the One-Eyed and the Creation of the Hellenistic State, by Richard A. Billows
V.		A History of Macedonia, by R. Malcolm Errington, translated by Catherine Errington
VI.		Attic Letter-Cutters of 229 to 86 B.C., by Stephen V. Tracy
VII.		The Vanished Library: A Wonder of the Ancient World, by Luciano Canfora
VIII.		Hellenistic Philosophy of Mind, by Julia E. Annas
IX.		Hellenistic History and Culture, edited by Peter Green
X.		The Best of the Argonauts: The Redefinition of the Epic Hero in Book One of Apollonius’ Argonautica, by James J. Clauss
XI.		Faces of Power: Alexander’s Image and Hellenistic Politics, by Andrew Stewart
XII.		Images and Ideologies: Self-definition in the Hellenistic World, edited by Anthony W. Bulloch, Erich S. Gruen, A. A. Long, and Andrew Stewart
XIII.		From Samarkhand to Sardis: A New Approach to the Seleucid Empire, by Susan Sherwin-White and Amélie Kuhrt
XIV.		Regionalism and Change in the Economy of Independent Delos, 314–167 B.C., by Gary Reger
XV.		Hegemony to Empire: The Development of the Roman Imperium in the East from 148 to 62 B.C., by Robert Kallet-Marx
XVI.		Moral Vision in The Histories of Polybius, by Arthur M. Eckstein
XVII.		The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands, and Asia Minor, by Getzel M. Cohen
XVIII.		Interstate Arbitrations in the Greek World, 337–90 B.C., by Sheila L. Ager
XIX.		Theocritus’s Urban Mimes: Mobility, Gender, and Patronage, by Joan B. Burton
XX.		Athenian Democracy in Transition: Attic Letter-Cutters of 340 to 290 B.C., by Stephen V. Tracy
XXI.		Pseudo-Hecataeus, “On the Jews”: Legitimizing the Jewish Diaspora, by Bezalel Bar-Kochva
XXII.		Asylia: Territorial Inviolability in the Hellenistic World, by Kent J. Rigsby
XXIII.		The Cynics: The Cynic Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy, edited by R. Bracht Branham and Marie-Odile Goulet-Cazé
XXIV.		The Politics of Plunder: Aitolians and Their Koinon in the Early Hellenistic Era, 279–217 B.C., by Joseph B. Scholten
XXV.		The Argonautika, by Apollonios Rhodios, translated, with introduction, commentary, and glossary, by Peter Green
XXVI.		Hellenistic Constructs: Essays in Culture, History, and Historiography, edited by Paul Cartledge, Peter Garnsey, and Erich S. Gruen
XXVII.		Josephus’s Interpretation of the Bible, by Louis H. Feldman
XXVIII.		Poetic Garlands: Hellenistic Epigrams in Context, by Kathryn J. Gutzwiller
XXIX.		Religion in Hellenistic Athens, by Jon D. Mikalson
XXX.		Heritage and Hellenism: The Reinvention of Jewish Tradition, by Erich S. Gruen
XXXI.		The Beginnings of Jewishness: Boundaries, Varieties, Uncertainties, by Shaye D. Cohen
XXXII.		Thundering Zeus: The Making of Hellenistic Bactria, by Frank L. Holt
XXXIII.		Jews in the Mediterranean Diaspora: From Alexander to Trajan (323 B.C.E.–117 C.E.), by John M. G. Barclay
XXXIV.		From Pergamon to Sperlonga: Sculpture and Context, edited by Nancy T. de Grummond and Brunilde S. Ridgway
XXXV.		Polyeideia: The Iambi of Callimachus and the Archaic Iambic Tradition, by Benjamin Acosta-Hughes
XXXVI.		Stoic Studies, by A. A. Long
XXXVII.		Seeing Double: Intercultural Poetics in Ptolemaic Alexandria, by Susan A. Stephens
XXXVIII.		Athens and Macedon: Attic Letter-Cutters of 300 to 229 B.C., by Stephen V. Tracy
XXXIX.		Encomium of Ptolemy Philadelphus, by Theocritus, translated with an introduction and commentary by Richard Hunter
XL.		The Making of Fornication: Eros, Ethics, and Political Reform in Greek Philosophy and Early Christianity, by Kathy L. Gaca
XLI.		Cultural Politics in Polybius’s Histories, by Craige B. Champion
XLII.		Cleomedes’ Lectures on Astronomy: A Translation of The Heavens, with an introduction and commentary by Alan C. Bowen and Robert B. Todd
XLIII.		Historical Fictions and Hellenistic Jewish Identity: Third Maccabees in Its Cultural Context, by Sara Raup Johnson
XLIV.		Alexander the Great and the Mystery of the Elephant Medallions, by Frank L. Holt
XLV.		The Horse and Jockey from Artemision: A Bronze Equestrian Monument of the Hellenistic Period, by Seán Hemingway
XLVI.		The Hellenistic Settlements in Syria, the Red Sea Basin, and North Africa, by Getzel M. Cohen
XLVII.		Into the Land of Bones: Alexander the Great in Afghanistan, by Frank L. Holt
XLVIII.		Mediterranean Anarchy, Interstate War, and the Rise of Rome, by Arthur M. Eckstein
XLIX.		Hellenistic Egypt: Monarchy, Society, Economy, Culture, by Jean Bingen. Edited and introduced by Roger S. Bagnall
L.		Jewish Perspectives on Hellenistic Rulers, edited by Tessa Rajak, Sarah Pearce, James Aitken, and Jennifer Dines
LI.		The Image of the Jews in Greek Literature: The Hellenistic Period, by Bezalel Bar-Kochva
LII.		From Alexander to Jesus, by Ory Amitay
LIII.		Lost World of the Golden King: In Search of Ancient Afghanistan, by Frank L. Holt
LIV.		The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India, by Getzel M. Cohen
LV.		Creating a Common Polity: Religion, Economy, and Politics in the Making of the Greek Koinon, by Emily Mackil

      The Hellenistic Settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India

      Getzel M. Cohen

      UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

      Berkeley Los Angeles London

      University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu.

      University of California Press

      Berkeley and Los Angeles, California

      University of California Press, Ltd.

      London, England

      © 2013 by Getzel M. Cohen

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Cohen, Getzel M.

      The Hellenistic settlements in the East from Armenia and Mesopotamia to Bactria and India / Getzel M. Cohen.

      p. cm. — (Hellenistic