Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Pearl Poet

with all manner of meat, and minstrelsy both.

       They spent that day in joy until it came to an end.

       Now take care, Sir Gawain, that thou blench not

       for the pain to prosecute this adventure

       that thou has taken on hand.

1. Construction clear, though sense odd. Antenor and Aeneas were the traitors who in the mediaeval story of Troy handed over the city to the Greeks. Antenor remained unpopular, but Aeneas suffered no loss of reputation. See Lydgate’s Troy Book in the publications of the Early English Text Soc., Bk. IV, l. 4539f.

2. Dancing and singing in a ring.

3. New Year’s gifts of good omen.

4. Oriental figured stuff.

5. It was extremely sumptuous having only two at a mess; i.e. only two sharing the same cup and platter.

6. It seems to make somewhat better sense if we transpose, as has here been done, lines 132 and 133; otherwise this passage means that a second course came in heralded by new music.

7. Translation doubtful.

8. Translation doubtful.

9. Our "reins" is a mere stop-gap. The MS. has the puzzling sturtes.

10. Translating hors swete of the MS. as "horse’s suite."

11. The word capados here translated as "hood" is rare. It might conceivably mean "camail," a protection of mail for the neck and part of the head, that hung down from or under the helm.

12. "Bit" is still used for the cutting edge of an axe.

13. Not in the MS.

14. Possibly "faces" or "looks."

15. This word is supplied. Perhaps "speak" would be more conservative.

16. Some such word has to be supplied after naked.

17. "Grease" in the original.

18. Morris’s punctuation of this passage has been altered.

      Fytte the Second

      1.

      This hansel of adventures had Arthur at the beginning,

       in the young year, since he yearned to hear boasting.

       Although there was little news when they went to their seats,

       now they are provided with stern work,¹⁹ their hands quite full. Gawain was glad to begin those games in the hall; but it would not be surprising if the end were heavy; for though men be merry in mind when they have much drink, yet a year runs full swiftly, and yields never the same; the beginning full seldom matches the end. And so this Yule went by, and the year after it, each season in turn following the other. After Christmas came the crabbed Lent, that tries the flesh with fish and more simple food. But then the weather of the world quarrels with winter, and though the cold still clings, the clouds lift; copiously descends the rain in warm showers, and falls upon the fair earth. Flowers show there; green are the garments both of fields and of groves; birds hurry to build, and lustily they sing for the solace of the soft summer, that follows thereafter. Blossoms swell into bloom in rows rich and rank; and lovely notes are heard in the beauteous wood.

      2.

      After the season of summer with the soft winds,

       when Zephyrus blows on seeds and herbs,

       happy is the plant that waxes then,

       when the dank dew drops from the leaves,

       to await the blissful glance of the bright sun.

       But then harvest hastens and hardens it soon:

       warns it to wax full ripe against the winter.

       He drives with drought the dust to rise,

       — from the face of the earth to fly full high.

       The wild wind of the welkin wrestles with the sun.

       The leaves fall from the bough and light on the ground.

       The grass becomes all gray that erst was green.

       Then all ripes and rots that which formerly flourished;

       and thus runs the year in yesterdays many;

       and winter returns again without asking any man,²⁰ till the Michelmas moon has come in wintry wise. Then thinks Gawain full soon of his anxious voyage.

      3.

      Yet till Allhallows day with Arthur he lingers;

       and Arthur made a feast on that festival for the hero’s sake,

       with great and gay revel of the Round Table.

       Knights full courteous and comely ladies all

       for love of that man were in sorrow;

       but nevertheless they spoke only of mirth;

       and many a joyless one there made jests for his gentle sake.

       After meat he mournfully addresses his uncle,

       and speaks of his passage, and openly he says —

       "Now, liege lord of my life, leave I ask of you.

       Ye know the cost of this case;

       I do not care to tell you even a trifle of its dangers;²¹ but I am ready to start for the fray no later than tomorrow morn, to seek the man in the green, as God will guide me." Then the best of the castle gathered together, Ywain and Erec, and others full many, Sir Dodinel de Sauvage, the Duke of Clarence, Lancelot and Lyonel and Lucan the Good, Sir Bors and Sir Bedever, big men both, and many other proud ones, with Mador de la Port. All this company of the court came nearer to the king, to counsel the knight, with care at their hearts. There was much deep grief felt in the hall that so worthy a one as Gawain should go on that errand, to endure a sorry dint and deal none himself with his brand. But the knight ever made good cheer, and said, "Why should I swerve from stern and strange destiny? What can a man do but try?"

      4.

      He lingered there all that day,

       and on the morn made ready.

       Early he asked for his arms,

       and they were all brought.

       First a carpet of Toulouse was stretched over the floor,

       and much was the gilt gear that gleamed upon it.

       The brave man stepped thereon and handled the steel,

       clad in a doublet of costly Tars,

       and afterwards a well wrought hood,

       closed on top and bound within with a glistening white fur.

       Then they put the sabatons²² upon the hero’s feet, lapped his legs in steel with fair greaves, to which were attached well polished poleynes²³ fastened about his knees with knots of gold. Fine cuisses then, that well enclosed his thick, brawny thighs, they attached with thongs. Next the decorated burnie²⁴ of bright steel rings upon precious stuff encased the hero, and well burnished braces upon his two arms, with elbow-pieces goodly and gay and gloves of plate, and all the goodly gear that might avail him at that time, with rich coat armour, gold spurs well fastened, and a sure brand girt about his side by a silken sash.

      5.

      When he was hasped in arms his harness was rich;

       the least latchet or loop gleamed with gold.

       So, harnessed as he was, he heard his mass,