Advanced Osteopathic and Chiropractic Techniques for Manual Therapists. Giles Gyer

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1 An index for illustrating the level of reflex excitability of the motor pool, which, in turn, is dependent on the facilitation of the transmission between the Ia fibers and the AMN (alpha motor neuron).

2

      CAN MANIPULATION AFFECT THE VISCERAL ORGANS?

      Introduction

      Spinal manipulation is a non-invasive treatment option for the management of musculoskeletal pain and disability. It has been proven to be a safe and effective therapy if applied skilfully and appropriately. To date, however, little scientific evidence exists in support of its use in non-musculoskeletal complaints. While proponents of spinal manipulation claim the therapy to be similarly effective for visceral disorders, critics have labelled the claim controversial due to a lack of robust neurobiological rationale. This chapter therefore looks at the proposed theories concerning visceral responses of spinal manipulation, and reviews the associated physiological evidence.

      Current theoretical basis

      Spinal manipulation, by definition, is a specific form of manual therapy; hence, it theoretically adheres to the same philosophy and principles of spinal manipulative therapy. Unlike physicians of the conventional medical system, therapists of spinal manipulation treat their patients with a holistic approach – as a unit of body, mind and soul. They consider the body as a whole integrated organism in which all parts function interdependently, and prioritise spinal integrity as an indicator for the wellbeing of an individual. Hence, manual therapists