Old Times in the Colonies & The Story of Liberty. Charles Carleton Coffin

taxed; and so it happened that a poor man in Judea started on a long journey with his wife, to give in his name to the tax-assessor, and could find no room in the tavern at night, and was forced to lie down in a stable with the cattle, where, during the night, a babe was born — babe of all others most wonderful! From this palace was issued the order for the beheading of Peter and Paul; and in yonder prison, in a deep, dark dungeon, Paul was confined.

       THE BUILDING WHICH THE JEWS ERECTED.

      It is not the palace of the emperors of Rome, but the places where Christian martyrs have suffered, that most attract the attention of Friar Martin. It was in the Coliseum that they were torn to pieces by the wild beasts, to gratify the heathen populace of Rome. Jewish captives built it, and the mortar of the masonry was mixed with their tears. In the arena those who would not abjure their faith in Christ were eaten by lions. In the great edifice, rising tier above tier, the people looked down upon the spectacle — emperor, patrician, plebeian — and not one heart in all the vast assembly moved to pity at the sight What joy to behold the hated Christians tossed to the beasts — to see fair maidens torn in pieces and devoured!

       FROM THIS PALACE WENT FORTH THE DECREE "THAT ALL THE WORLD SHOULD BE TAXED."

       THE ARCH OF TITUS.

       THE COLISEUM.

      The thought does not come to Friar Martin that the men who ask questions in Spain, at that very moment are roasting men by the thousand; while there were only a score or two thrown to the lions and tigers in the Coliseum.

      Friar Martin finds that the Pope, Julius II., is an old man, with a long white heard. He sits in a golden chair, wearing gorgeous robes emblazoned with diamonds and jewels. Palm-Sunday comes, and there is a grand procession. The Pope bears a silver plate on his breast, on which there is a figure of the Almighty, It is of pure gold, surrounded by costly pearls.

      The cardinals appear in their red hats, red gown, red stockings, and slippers. One of them is known as the " Boy-cardinal." His name is John de' Medici. His father lived in Florence, and was very rich. When John was only seven years old,his father bought an abbot's office for him. An abbot had charge of a monastery, and the monks called the boy "their father." Quite likely some of them smiled when they thus addressed him. When he was fourteen his father bought a cardinal's office for him, and John put on his red hat, slippers, and gown, and became one of the Pope's councillors. He owns a villa, and lives in grand style. He loves music, painting, sculpture, and poetry. He spends all of his income in giving entertainments to his brother-cardinals, and the poets, artists, and musicians. He sets before them the choicest wines, and all the delicious fruits of the season. Sometimes he even pawns his gold and silver dishes to obtain money enough to give a banquet; for he is thinking that the Pope may not live always, and possibly, if he is hospitable to his brother-cardinals and to those who influence public opinion, he may be elected Julius's successor.

       FAN-BEARERS.

      In the procession are a great number of bishops — Armenian, Syrian, Greek, and Roman — wearing magnificent dresses, blazing with jewels. The young friar from Germany never dreamed that there was such wealth in the world as he sees around him.

      The Pope's chamberlains walk by his side, carrying fans made of peacocks' tails. The cross-bearers go before, bearing huge silver crosses. One official carries the triple crown. Bet with costly diamonds and jewels.

      The Pope sits in his golden chair, on a litter, which is taken up by stout men, and borne upon their shoulders.

      An officer carries a golden mace — the emblem of authority; and there is a great following of princes, counts, abbots, priests, and monks.

      On Corpus Christi Day the Pope is carried around St. Peter's Church, seated in his golden chair, with all the prelates of the Church in his train, and his body-guard marching by his side with drawn swords — not that anybody will harm him, but to add to the pomp and grandeur of the occasion. The people kneel, and the Pope throws a blessing to them from the ends of his fingers.

       CARRYING THE POPE'S CROWN.

      Friar Martin sees wonderful things in the churches. In one he beholds the Holy-Baby — a rag doll, which performs more cures than all the physicians in Rome. It is taken to the chambers of the sick, and its presence heals disease. The people worship it, offer costly gifts, which go — they know not to whom. The doll performs miracles. Men falling from the tops of houses have called upon the baby to save them, and have not been harmed. Drowning men have called upon it to rescue them, and they have been saved. A lady fell from the roof of a high building, and prayed to the dull, and the fall was arrested in mid-air. Tim lady was so grateful for her preservation that she gave an immense sum of money to the doll, and had a picture painted representing the scene.

      Every church has its holy relics. In one are the boards of the manger in which Christ was laid at his birth. He sees the Virgin Mary's clothing, one of St. Peter's ribs, a part of John the Baptist's skull, and no end of saintly bones — all very precious and holy.

      The people worship the relics, and gaze upon them with reverential awe. In St. Peter's Church the; form in a long line to kiss the foot of St. Peter's statue, which has stood there for many centuries: so many have pressed their lips to the great-toe that it is worn to a stub. Some sceptical persons maintain that the statue is not Peter's, hut an old heathen statue of Jupiter; that, however, does not diminish the devotion of the multitude.

      Julius II., the Pope, is at the head of his army. Ever since his election, in 1506, he has been at war — lighting the Venetians, the Germans, and the French, at times; then, making alliance with the Venetians and Germans, he has waged a vigorous war against Louis XII. of France. He fights not only in the field, but in the cabinet. He has bribed Henry VIII, of England and Ferdinand of Spain to attack France, and has taken the money which the good people have contributed to support the Church to pay an army of Swiss, which he has hired to fight against the French, He has issued a bull releasing the subjects of Louis from their allegiance.

       THE DOLL THAT WORKS MIRACLES.

      Just before Friar Martin arrives in Home, the Pope goes out with his troops to attack the town of Mirandola, accompanied by all the cardinals and bishops. His army surrounds the town. The Pope plants the cannon, directs the soldiers where to attack, and issues his orders as commander-in-chief. Day after day the siege goes on. The Pope did not expect such a stubborn resistance, but lie is only the more determined to conquer; and when at last the town surrenders, he climbs a scaling-ladder, sword in hand, mounts the wall, followed by his troops, who rush through the streets, enter the houses, plunder the people, and commit terrible outrages upon tho men, women, and children.

       KISSING ST. PETER'S TOE.

      The Pope sends an army to Ravenna, an allied army, composed of Spanish, Swiss, Germans, and Venetians, all leagued against the French. The armies meet on a plain near the city. The French are commanded by a young general, Gaston de Foix, who, though he is only thirty years old, has won many victories. The commander of the Pope's army is John de' Medici, the Boy-cardinal, who knows nothing about war, but who can give grand entertainments. There are about thirty-five thousand in each army. All day long the battle rages, but when night comes the Pope's army is a routed rabble, and the Boy-cardinal a prisoner. Though the French have won the victory, their brave leader lies beneath a heap of slain. Each army has lost nearly ten thousand men in this conflict, which is only one of many fought on the plains of Italy; and for what ? That the Pope may drive the French out of the provinces which Roderick Borgia (Alexander VI.)