Poly(lactic acid). Группа авторов

8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 CRYSTALLINITY AND CRYSTALLIZATION 8.3 CRYSTALLIZATION REGIME 8.4 FIBERS 8.5 COMMERCIAL POLYMERS AND PRODUCTS 8.6 DEGRADATION AND CRYSTALLINITY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 9 RHEOLOGY OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) 9.1 INTRODUCTION 9.2 FUNDAMENTAL CHAIN PROPERTIES FROM DILUTE SOLUTION VISCOMETRY 9.3 PROCESSING OF PLA: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 9.4 MELT RHEOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW 9.5 PROCESSING OF PLA: RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 9.6 CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX 9.A DESCRIPTION OF THE SOFTWARE REFERENCES 10 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10.2 GENERAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT EFFECT 10.3 TEMPERATURE EFFECT 10.4 RELAXATION AND AGING 10.5 ANNEALING 10.6 ORIENTATION 10.7 STEREOREGULARITY 10.8 SELF‐REINFORCED PLA COMPOSITES 10.9 PLA NANOCOMPOSITES 10.10 COPOLYMERIZATION 10.11 PLASTICIZATION 10.12 PLA BLENDS 10.13 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 11 MASS TRANSFER 11.1 INTRODUCTION 11.2 BACKGROUND ON MASS TRANSFER IN POLYMERS 11.3 MASS TRANSFER PROPERTIES OF NEAT PLA FILMS 11.4 MASS TRANSFER PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED PLA 11.5 FINAL REMARKS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 12 MIGRATION AND INTERACTION WITH CONTACT MATERIALS 12.1 INTRODUCTION 12.2 MIGRATION PRINCIPLES 12.3 LEGISLATION 12.4 MIGRATION AND TOXICOLOGICAL DATA OF LACTIC ACID, LACTIDE, DIMERS, AND OLIGOMERS 12.5 EDI OF LACTIC ACID 12.6 OTHER POTENTIAL MIGRANTS FROM PLA 12.7 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES

      11  PART III: PROCESSING AND CONVERSION 13 PROCESSING OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) 13.1 INTRODUCTION 13.2 PROPERTIES OF PLA RELEVANT TO PROCESSING 13.3 MODIFICATION OF PLA PROPERTIES BY PROCESS AIDS AND OTHER ADDITIVES 13.4 DRYING AND CRYSTALLIZING 13.5 EXTRUSION 13.6 INJECTION MOLDING 13.7 FILM AND SHEET CASTING 13.8 STRETCH BLOW MOLDING 13.9 EXTRUSION BLOWN FILM 13.10 THERMOFORMING 13.11 MELT SPINNING 13.12 SOLUTION SPINNING 13.13 ELECTROSPINNING 13.14 FILAMENT EXTRUSION AND 3D‐PRINTING 13.15 CONCLUSION: PROSPECTS OF PLA POLYMERS REFERENCES 14 BLENDS 14.1 INTRODUCTION 14.2 PLA NONBIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BLENDS 14.3 PLA/BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BLENDS 14.4 PLASTICIZATION OF PLA 14.5 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 15 FOAMING 15.1 INTRODUCTION 15.2 PLASTIC FOAMS 15.3 FOAMING AGENTS 15.4 FORMATION OF CELLULAR PLASTICS