Large Animal Neurology. Joe Mayhew

Lacombe VA. Seizures in horses: diagnosis and classification. Vet Med Auckl 2015; 6: 301–308.

      13 12 Hardefeldt LY. Hyponatraemic encephalopathy in azotaemic neonatal foals: four cases. Aust Vet J 2014; 92(12): 488–491.

      14 13 Lacombe VA, Mayes M, Mosseri S, et al. Epilepsy in horses: aetiological classification and predictive factors. Equine Vet J 2012; 44(6): 646–651.

      15 14 Lacombe VA, Mayes M, Mosseri S, Reed SM and Ou TH. Distribution and predictive factors of seizure types in 104 cases. Equine Vet J 2014; 46(4): 441–445.

      16 15 Braun U, Schweizer G and Hilbe M. Epileptiform convulsions in a cow with degeneration of the hippocampus. Vet Rec 2002; 150(9): 281–282.

      17 16 Galvin N and Collins D. Perinatal asphyxia syndrome in the foal: review and a case report. Ir Vet J 2004; 57(12): 707–714.

      18 17 Toribio RE. Equine neonatal encephalopathy: facts, evidence, and opinions. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2019; 35(2): 363–378.

      19 18 Viu J, Monreal L, Jose‐Cunilleras E, et al. Clinical findings in 10 foals with bacterial meningoencephalitis. Equine Vet J 2012; Suppl(41): 100–104.

      20 19 Finno CJ. Equine Familial Isolated Hypocalcemia (EFIH). 2020. Retrieved 2022_02_28 from: https://vgl.ucdavis.edu/test/efih

      21 20 Loynachan AT, Williams NM and Freestone JF. Kernicterus in a neonatal foal. J Vet Diagn Invest 2007; 19(2): 209–212.

      22 21 Aleman M, Costa LR, Crowe C and Kass P H. Presumed neuroglycopenia caused by severe hypoglycemia in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2018.

      23 22 Aleman M, Finno C J, Weich K and Penedo MCT. Investigation of known genetic mutations of Arabian horses in Egyptian Arabian foals with juvenile idiopathic epilepsy. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32(1): 465–468.

      24 23 Lichter‐Peled A, Polani S, Stanyon R, Rocchi M and Kahila Bar‐Gal G. Role of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 genes in juvenile idiopathic epilepsy in Arabian foals. Vet J 2013; 196(1): 57–63.

      25 24 Page P, Parker R, Harper C, Guthrie A and Neser J. Clinical, clinicopathologic, postmortem examination findings and familial history of 3 Arabians with lavender foal syndrome. J Vet Intern Med 2006; 20(6): 1491–1494.

      26 25 Manso‐Diaz G, Dyson SJ, Dennis R, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of equine head disorders: 84 cases (2000–2013). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 56(2): 176–187.

      27 26 van der Ree M and Wijnberg I. A review on epilepsy in the horse and the potential of Ambulatory EEG as a diagnostic tool. Vet Q 2012; 32(3–4): 159–167.

      28 27 Reed SM, Furr M, Howe DK, et al. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis: an updated consensus statement with a focus on parasite biology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30(2): 491–502.

      29 28 Vanschandevijl K, Gielen I, Nollet H, et al. Computed tomography‐guided brain biopsy for in vivo diagnosis of a cholesterinic granuloma in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 233(6): 950–954.

      30 29 Madigan JE, Valberg SJ, Ragle C and Moody JL. Muscle spasms associated with ear tick (Otobius megnini) infestations in five horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 207(1): 74–76.

      31 30 McEntee M, Summers BA, de Lahunta A and Cummings J. Meningocerebral hemangiomatosis resembling Sturge‐Weber disease in a horse. Acta Neuropathol Berl 1987; 74(4): 405–410.

      32 31 Pirie RS, Mayhew IG, Clarke CJ and Tremaine WH. Ultrasonographic confirmation of a space‐occupying lesion in the brain of a horse: choroid plexus papilloma. Equine Vet J 1998; 30(5): 445–448.

      33 32 Hubbell JA, Kelly EM, Aarnes TK, et al. Pharmacokinetics of midazolam after intravenous administration to horses. Equine Vet J 2013; 45(6): 721–725.

      34 33 Wilkins PA. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: neonatal encephalopathy, in Recent Advances in Equine Neonatal Care Wilkins PA. 2003. International Veterinary Information Service. Retrieved 2022_02_28 from https://www.ivis.org/library/recent‐advances‐equine‐neonatal‐care/hypoxic‐ischemic‐encephalopathy‐neonatal

      35 34 Wilkins PA. How to use midazolam to control equine neonatal seizures. 51st Annl Conv Am Assoc Eq Pract. Seattle, WA. 2005. Retrieved 2022_02_28 from https://www.ivis.org/library/aaep/aaep‐annual‐convention‐seattle‐2005/how‐to‐use‐midazolam‐to‐control‐equine‐neonatal‐seizures

      36 35 Charalambous M, Volk HA, Tipold A, et al. Comparison of intranasal versus intravenous midazolam for management of status epilepticus in dogs: a multi‐center randomized parallel group clinical study. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33(6): 2709–2717.

      37 36 Duran SH, Ravis WR, Pedersoli WM and Schumacher J. Pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in the horse. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48(5): 807–810.

      38 37 Knox DA, Ravis WR, Pedersoli WM, et al. Pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in horses after single and repeated oral administration of the drug. Am J Vet Res 1992; 53(5): 706–710.

      39 38 Ravis WR, Duran SH, Pedersoli WM and Schumacher J. A pharmacokinetic study of phenobarbital in mature horses after oral dosing. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1987; 10(4): 283–289.

      40 39 Reimer JM and Sweeney RW. Pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital after repeated oral administration in normal horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1992; 15(3): 301–304.

      41 40 Gamble KC, Lacasse C, Way SI and Boothe DM. Management of idiopathic epilepsy in a female Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi) with potassium bromide and therapeutic drug monitoring. Proc Intl Conf Dis Zoo Wld Anim, Beekse Bergen, The Netherlands. May 2009; 59–64.

      42 41 Raidal SL and Edwards S. Pharmacokinetics of potassium bromide in adult horses. Aust Vet J 2005; 83(7): 425–430.

      43 42 Guan F, Uboh CE, Soma LR, et al. Quantification of phenytoin and its metabolites in equine plasma and urine using high‐performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2000; 746(2): 209–218.

      44 43 Kowalczyk DF and Beech J. Pharmacokinetics of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) in horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1983; 6(2): 133–140.

      45 44 Soma LR, Uboh CE, Guan F, et al. Disposition, elimination, and bioavailability of phenytoin and its major metabolite in horses. Am J Vet Res 2001; 62(4): 483–489

      46 45 Quast TA, Combs MD and Edwards SH. Pharmacokinetics of bromide in adult sheep following oral and intravenous administration. Aust Vet J 2015; 93(1–2): 20–25.

      47 46 Spehar AM, Hill MR, Mayhew IG and Hendeles L. Preliminary study on the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in the neonatal foal. Equine Vet J 1984; 16(4): 368–371

      48 47 MacDonald KD, Hart KA, Davis JL, Berghaus LJ and Giguere S. Pharmacokinetics of the anticonvulsant levetiracetam in neonatal foals. Equine Vet J 2018; 50(4): 532–536.

      49 48 Davis JL, Posner LP and Elce Y. Gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain in a pregnant horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 231(5): 755–758.

      50 49 Mullen KR, Schwark W and Divers TJ. Pharmacokinetics of single‐dose intragastric and intravenous pregabalin administration in clinically normal horses. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74(7): 1043–1048.

      51 50 Rundfeldt C, Tipold A and Loscher W. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of imepitoin in dogs with newly diagnosed epilepsy in a randomized controlled clinical study with long‐term follow up. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11: 228.

      52 51 Podell M, Volk HA, Berendt M, et al. 2015 ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on Seizure Management in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30(2): 477–490.

      53 52 Porter RJ and Rogawski MA. Antiseisure drugs. In Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ, Eds. 14th ed. McGraw‐Hill Education. 2018; 409–438.

7 Sleep and acute collapse disorders