Notes on Canine Internal Medicine. Kathryn F. Murphy

edition first published 2022 © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

      Edition History Wright Imprint by IOP Publishing Limited (1e, 1983; 2e, 1986) Blackwell Science Ltd (3e, 2003)

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      The right of Victoria L. Black, Kathryn F. Murphy, Jessie Rose Payne and Edward J. Hall to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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       Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

      Names: Hall, E. J. (Ed J.) author. | Black, Victoria L., 1985‐ author. | Murphy, K. F. (Kate F.), author. | Payne, Jessie Rose, 1985‐ author.

      Title: Notes on canine internal medicine / Victoria L. Black, Kathryn F. Murphy, Jessie Rose Payne, Edward J. Hall.

      Other titles: Canine internal medicine

      Description: Fourth edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley‐Blackwell, 2022. | Hall’s name appears first in third edition.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2022000939 (print) | LCCN 2022000940 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119744771 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119744788 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119744795 (epub)

      Subjects: MESH: Dog Diseases | Handbook Classification: LCC SF991 (print) | LCC SF991 (ebook) | NLM SF 991 | DDC 636.7/0896–dc23/eng/20220209

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022000939 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022000940

      Cover Design: Wiley

      Cover Images: Courtesy of Edward J. Hall, Jessie Rose Payne, Kathryn F. Murphy, and Victoria L. Black

We all recognise the patience and support of our respective families during the production of this book. However, individually we wish to dedicate it specifically to:

      All the vets and vet students I have met with a curious approach to our patients – your enthusiasm continues to inspire and motivate.

      Victoria L. Black

      Those who inspired me to know more as a student and resident (particularly Ed!) and my colleagues, clients and patients who continue to encourage me to learn more.

      Kathryn F. Murphy

      My patients, who make each day different from the last and continue to inspire me to learn every day.

      Jessie Rose Payne

      All the Medicine Residents and colleagues (particularly Kate and Vicki!) I have worked with, who have pushed me to learn more.

      Edward J. Hall

PREFACE

“When you hear hoofbeats, look for horses — not zebras.”^*

      In 1983, in the first edition of Notes on Canine Internal Medicine, Peter Darke provided a revolutionary new and simplified diagnostic approach to internal medicine problem solving. It was not long before his book was to be found in the pocket of every veterinary undergraduate in the UK, as well as being an important first source of information for practitioners. The second and third editions built on this success. However, it is now nearly 20 years since the third and last edition and, in that time, our knowledge of canine internal medicine and our ability to investigate and treat cases has grown almost exponentially. Standard internal medicine texts now often fill two large volumes, detailing the underlying pathophysiology that is essential to understand diseases fully. However, there remains a need for a concise text to aid students and busy practitioners.

      Whilst we acknowledge the importance of pathophysiology in internal medicine, in first opinion practice knowing the three most likely differential diagnoses for a problem is of more use than knowing ten obscure and unlikely ones despite potentially similar pathophysiological mechanisms. Thus, in this book, we have provided separate lists of the ‘common causes’ of medical problems, and the ‘uncommon causes’. Our personal experiences and geographical location inevitably bias our opinions on what are the most common causes of any specific problem but please note that these two lists are in alphabetical order and not order of prevalence. We are also not indicating the relative incidence of specific problems seen in first opinion practice, although practitioners will already know that dermatological and GI problems are most common. Our opinions on what are the best approaches to a specific problem are based on the scientific evidence, where it is available, and on our personal experience.

      This edition follows a similar pattern to the third edition, with sections on presenting complaints, physical findings, and laboratory abnormalities. We have added a new section on imaging patterns, and again finish with a section covering diseases of the major organ systems. The authorship has been expanded to ensure we have the expertise to cover all areas of internal medicine, including Peter Darke’s own discipline of cardiology. We have also included information on behavioural, dermatological and ophthalmological problems focused on where these are manifestations of systemic disease. We do not believe in a totally algorithmic approach