Damaging Effects of Weapons and Ammunition. Igor A. Balagansky

Them A.4 Properties of High Explosives A.5 Shock Adiabats of Substances References Bibliography Introduction Fragmentation Ammunitions Ammunitions with Shaped Charges High‐explosive Ammunitions Penetrating Ammunitions Numerical Simulation of High‐speed Processes Appendices

      13  Index

      14  End User License Agreement

      List of Tables

      1 IntroductionTable I.1 Degrees of damage of targets.

      2 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Towed guns and mortars.Table 1.2 Mobile guns and mortars.Table 1.3 Characteristics of standard cylinders.Table 1.4 Specifications of typical explosives and masses of charges.Table 1.5 Mechanical characteristics of carbon steels.Table 1.6 Chemical composition of steels, %.Table 1.7 Mechanical properties of steels.Table 1.8 Main characteristics of the spectra and velocity of propagation o...Table 1.9 Example of presentation of the test results.Table 1.10 Values of parameter Φ for bodies of a regular geometrical shape....Table 1.11 Main tactical and technical characteristics of the C‐13 missile ...Table 1.12 Characteristics of target vulnerability to fragmenting effect....Table 1.13 Average critical values of specific impulse i_cr, kPa s.Table 1.14 Steel equivalents of targets, mm.

      3 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Relative depth of penetration T in targets of various materials w...Table 2.2 The parameters of the models used in calculations.Table 2.3 Parameters of the constitutive relations for corundum.

      4 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Construction specifications of Russian high‐explosive projectiles...Table 3.2 Construction specifications of blast mines.Table 3.3 Free‐fall bombs from 1940 to 1950s.Table 3.4 Radiuses of damage zones.Table 3.5 Parameters of shock waves in the air.Table 3.6 Pliability factor values η₀ for some soil types.Table 3.7 Concentration (volumetric %) limits of detonation and ignition of...Table 3.8 Properties of some combustible substances and their mixtures.Table 3.9 Periods of natural oscillations of buildings and structures.Table 3.10 Values of overpressure of SW (Δp_m, кПа), characterizing the degr...Table 3.11 Parameters of the generalized criterion for buildings and indust...Table 3.12 Vulnerability characteristics of elementary ground targets under...Table 3.13 Critical pressure of shockwave damage of a person.Table 3.14 Critical parameters of the generalized criterion of respiratory ...Table 3.15 Human damage from a head impact.Table 3.16 Human damage when struck by various parts of the body.Table 3.17 Parameters of human impact on a rigid surface.Table 3.18 Characteristics of the vulnerability of personnel to the action ...Table 3.19 Values of the k_f – the coefficient for some media.Table 3.20 Constants determining the pressure dependence on the distance in...Table 3.21 Constants determining the dependence of impulse on the distance ...Table 3.22 Constants determining the action time of the compression wave in...Table 3.23 The values of the coefficient K.Table 3.24 Data on crater sizes.Table 3.25 The values of τ_s.

      5 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Constructive characteristics of sub‐caliber fin‐stabilized projec...Table 4.2 Material properties depending on impact conditions.Table 4.3 Coefficients taking into account the properties of different medi...

      6 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Choice of the equation of state.Table 5.2 Choice of the strength model.Table 5.3 Choice of the failure model.Table 5.4 Ignition and growth parameters for cast Composition B.

      7 Appendix ATable A.1 Combined median errors for artillery shooting after full preparati...Table A.2 Values of the normalized Laplace function at different values of t...Table A.3 Multipliers and prefixes for the formation of decimal multiples a...Table A.4 Relationship of some nonsystem units with SI units.Table A.5 Relationships between units of speed.Table A.6 Relationships between the units of angular velocity.Table A.7 Relationships between units of mass.Table A.8 Relationships between units of force.Table A.9 Relationships between units of pressure.Table A.10 Relationships between units of work and energy.Table A.11 The properties of explosives.Table A.12 Values of the coefficients a and λ for different substances.

      List of Illustrations

      1 IntroductionFigure I.1 Type of conditional damage low.Figure I.2 Zone of unconditional target damage by the blast action.Figure I.3 Areas surrounding the center of the target.Figure I.4 Area with dimensions of dx·dy, adjacent to a point at the co...Figure I.5 Setting up the coordinate system on the picture plane.Figure I.6 Effect of the group and individual shooting errors.Figure I.7 Projecting of a target on a picture plane.Figure I.8 Coordinates of target boundaries.Figure I.9 Group target.Figure I.10 The mutual position of the target area and its damaged zone.Figure I.11 Mutual position and sizes of the target and the damage zone.Figure I.12 Random area overlapping the damage zone with the target.Figure I.13 Complete coverage of the target area by a damage zone.Figure I.14 The function of the damaged fraction distribution with one shot....Figure I.15 Illustration for creating a distribution law of a portion of the...Figure I.16 Illustration for creating a distribution law of portion of the d...Figure I.17 Creation of the law of distribution of the fraction of damaged a...Figure I.18 Determination of probability obtaining a given fraction of damag...Figure I.19 Illustration to the example: the creation of the law of distribu...Figure