The Christian Left. Anthony A. J. Williams

Steven Schroeder, The Metaphysics of Cooperation: A Study of F.D. Maurice (Atlanta GA: Rodopi, 1999), p. 53.

      19 19. Paul Dafydd Jones, ‘Jesus Christ and the transformation of English society: the “subversive conservatism” of Frederick Denison Maurice’, Harvard Theological Review, 96, 2 (2003): pp. 225–6.

      20 20. Morris, F.D. Maurice, p. 149.

      21 21. Schroeder, Metaphysics of Cooperation, pp. 53 and 56.

      22 22. Morris, F.D. Maurice, p. 147.

      23 23. Dorrien, Social Democracy, p. 42.

      24 24. Cort, Christian Socialism, p. 166.

      25 25. Ibid., p. 160.

      26 26. Ibid., p. 155; Dorrien, Social Democracy, pp. 40 and 42.

      27 27. Maurice, ‘Tract 1’, pp. 196–7; Dorrien, Social Democracy, pp. 44–5.

      28 28. Cort, Christian Socialism, p. 164.

      29 29. Ibid., pp. 168–9; Dorrien, Social Democracy, pp. 6 and 46–7.

      30 30. Maurice, ‘Tract 1’, p. 202.

      31 31. Dorrien, Social Democracy, p. 46; Cort, Christian Socialism, p. 171.

      32 32. Stewart D. Headlam, Maurice and Kingsley: Theologians and Socialists (London: George Standring, 1909), p. 5.

      33 33. Ibid., p. 8.

      34 34. Stewart D. Headlam, Priestcraft and Progress: Being Sermons and Lectures (London: John Hodges, 1878), pp. 19 and 21.

      35 35. Peter d’A. Jones, The Christian Socialist Revival 1877–1914: Religion, Class, and Social Conscience in Late-Victorian England (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969), p. 146.

      36 36. Stewart D. Headlam, The Socialist’s Church (London: G. Allen, 1907), p. 5.

      37 37. Stewart D. Headlam, Christian Socialism – A Lecture: Fabian Tract No.42 (London: Fabian Society, 1899), p. 6.

      38 38. Stewart D. Headlam, The Meaning of the Mass: Five Lectures with Other Sermons and Addresses (London: S.C. Brown, 1905), p. 83.

      39 39. Headlam, Meaning of the Mass, p. 73; Headlam, Priestcraft and Progress, p. 7; John Richard Orens, Stewart Headlam’s Radical Anglicanism: The Mass, the Masses, and the Music Hall (Chicago IL: University of Illinois Press, 2003), p. 24; Kenneth Leech, ‘Stewart Headlam, 1847–1924, and the Guild of St Matthew’, in Maurice B. Reckitt, ed., For Christ and the People: Studies of Four Socialist Priests and Prophets of the Church of England (London: SPCK, 1968), p. 78.

      40 40. Headlam, Meaning of the Mass, p. 29.

      41 41. Dorrien, Social Democracy, pp. 98–9.

      42 42. Stephen Mayor, The Churches and the Labour Movement (London: Independent Press, 1967), p. 197.

      43 43. Dorrien, Social Democracy, p. 99.

      44 44. Henry Scott Holland, Our Neighbours: A Handbook for the C.S.U. (London: A.R. Mowbray, 1911), pp. 67–8.

      45 45. Dorrien, Social Democracy, p. 100.

      46 46. Jones, Christian Socialist Revival, p. 166.

      47 47. Scott Holland, Our Neighbours, p. 9.

      48 48. Ibid., pp. 10–11.

      49 49. Ibid., p. 18.

      50 50. Ibid., p. 81.

      51 51. Ibid., p. 83.

      52 52. Ibid., p. 91.

      53 53. Ibid., pp. 84 and 127.

      54 54. Wilkinson, Christian Socialism, pp. 71–2.

      55 55. Scott Holland, Our Neighbours, p. 152.

      56 56. Peter Wadell, Charles Gore: Radical Anglican (Norwich: Canterbury Press, 2014), p. xxii.

      57 57. Ibid.

      58 58. Ibid., p. 145.

      59 59. Ibid., p. 145.

      60 60. Ibid., p. 146.

      61 61. Ibid., p. 147.

      62 62. Ibid., p. 154.

      63 63. Dorrien, Social Democracy, p. 107.

      64 64. Jones, Christian Socialist Revival, p. 181; Mayor, Churches and the Labour Movement, p. 223.

      65 65. Cort, Christian Socialism, p. 177.

      66 66. Mayor, Churches and the Labour Movement, p. 229.

      67 67. Dorrien, Social Democracy, pp. 8 and 312.

      68 68. Arthur Burns, ‘Beyond the “Red Vicar”: community and Christian Socialism in Thaxted, Essex, 1910–84’, History Workshop Journal, 75 (2013): p. 103.

      69 69. Ibid., p. 108.

      70 70. Mayor, Churches and the Labour Movement, p. 203.

      71 71. John Clifford, Socialism and the Teaching of Christ: Fabian Tract No. 78 (London: Fabian Society, 1898), p. 7.

      72 72. Ibid., p. 11.

      73 73. Samuel E. Keeble, Industrial Day-Dreams: Studies in Industrial Ethics and Economics (London: R. Culley, 1907 [1896]), p. 190.

      74 74. Ibid., p. 53.

      75 75. Ibid., pp. 90 and 133–4.

      76 76. Ibid., p. 17.

      77 77. Ibid., p. 92.

      78 78. Dorrien, Social Democracy, p. 327; Stephen Spencer, ‘William Temple and the “Temple Tradition”’, in Stephen Spencer, ed., Theology Reforming Society: Revisiting Anglican Social Theology (London: SCM Press, 2017), p. 86.

      79 79. Bryant, Possible Dreams, p. 180; Dorrien, Social Democracy, p. 368.

      80 80. William Temple, Christianity and the Social Order (London: Penguin, 1976 [1942]), p. 36.

      81 81. Ibid., p. 37.

      82 82. Ibid., pp. 51 and 68.

      83 83. Spencer, ‘Temple Tradition’, pp. 100–1.

      84 84. Temple, Christianity and the Social Order, pp. 101–2.

      85 85. Dorrien, Social Democracy, p. 396.

      86 86. Ibid., p. 54.

      87 87. Thomas L. Jarman, Socialism in Britain: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day (New York: Taplinger, 1972), p. 106.

      88 88. James Keir Hardie, Can a Man Be a Christian On a Pound a Week? (London: ILP, 1905), pp. 13–14 and p. 3; James Keir Hardie, From Serfdom to Socialism (London: G. Allen, 1907), pp. 38 and 36.

      89 89. Hardie, Can a Man Be a Christian?, p. 11.

      90 90. James Keir Hardie, My Confession of Faith in the Labour Alliance (London: ILP, 1909), pp. 13 and 16.

      91 91. Bob Holman, Keir Hardie: Labour’s Greatest Hero (Oxford: Lion, 2010), pp. 132–3.

      92 92. Dorrien, Social Democracy, pp. 370–1; Graham Dale, God’s Politicians: The Christian Contribution to 100 Years of Labour (London: HarperCollins, 2000), p. 77.

      93 93. Dale, God’s Politicians, pp. 56 and 62.

      94 94. Ian S. Wood, John Wheatley (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990), pp. 155–7.

      95 95. Ian S. Wood, ‘John Wheatley and Catholic Socialism’, in A.R. Morton, eds, After Socialism? The Future of Radical Christianity (Edinburgh: CTPI, 1994), p. 20; John Hannan, The Life of John Wheatley (Nottingham: Spokesman Books, 1988), p. 11.

      96 96. Wood, Wheatley, p. 24.

      97 97. Wood, ‘John Wheatley and Catholic Socialism’, p. 21.

      98 98. Wood, Wheatley, p. 18.

      99 99. Tony Judge, Margaret Bondfield: First Woman in the Cabinet (London: Alpha House, 2018), pp. 30, 5 and 44.

      100 100. Judge, Bondfield, p. 114; M. Bondfield, et al., Trade Unions and Socialism (London: ILP, 1926), p. 4, pp. 10–12.

      101 101. Margaret Bondfield, Socialism for