Life in the Open Ocean. Joseph J. Torres

Figure 3.39 Life cycle of Tubularia, an athecate hydroid that does not release free medusae.

      Source: Adapted from Allman (1872), plates 20–23.

Table 3.10 Food of Porpita collected on Shirahama Beach, Japan.

      Source: Bieri (1970). The food of Porpita and niche separation in three neuston coelenterates. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. Vol. 17, table 1 (p. 306). Reproduced with permission of Seto Laboratory. Kyoto University.

Average diameter of Porpita (mm)	Number of Porpita	Food proportions	Copepod species
1.8	3	1 pontellid 1 unidentified calanid
18	17	21 pontellids 22 other calanids 1 megalopa	Labidocera acuta common Euchaeta marina common E. acuta one E. wolfendeni one Candacia sp. one Pontellopsis villosa one
24	7	93 calanids including pontellids 1 corycaeid 1 barnacle cyprid	Euchaeta marina common Labidocera acuta common
31	7	275 calanids including pontellids 25 megalopas 2 corycaeids 1 barnacle cyprid	Labidocera acula common Euchaeta marina common Candacia pachydactyla one C. truncata one Eucalanus crassus one Labidocera kroyeri one

      Interestingly, dispersal of the different morphs of Velella has resulted in dominance of one form or the other in different oceanic regions of the North Pacific. Left‐hand sailors dominate in the north and right‐hand sailors in the south (Mackie 1974). Though both morphs are found in both regions, one or the other dominates.

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