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3 The Cnidaria

      Introduction

      The Cnidaria, or stinging jellies, include a bewildering array of groups ranging from aquarium favorites such as anemones to the infamous Portuguese man‐o‐war and to reef‐building corals, deep‐dwelling sea pansies, and sea pens. The focus in this book is the cnidarians that are large floaters and weak swimmers: the jellyfishes (the medusae) and the siphonophores. Both are important groups within the polyphyletic assemblage collectively known as the macrozooplankton. In turn, macrozooplanktonic species are important elements of the pelagic community.

      The pelagic Cnidaria are particularly confusing because there are two types of medusae: the smaller and less complex hydromedusae and the larger scyphomedusae. Inshore, the scyphomedusae are far more noticeable to the casual observer and are seasonally well represented by species such as the moon jelly Aurelia and the scourge of Atlantic beaches, the