Fractures in the Horse. Группа авторов

head screw with the threads around the screw he...Figure 8.16 Removal device for stripped 3.5 mm screw heads. An intact hexago...Figure 8.17 The broken screw removal set. The major components are arranged ...Figure 8.18 Shallow broken screws can be exposed with the gouge (a) and remo...Figure 8.19 Broken screw extraction bolt. Assembly of the hollow reamer with...Figure 8.20 A 10‐hole veterinary LCP. The plate has a rounded end containing...Figure 8.21 Polyurethane specimen of an equine radius with an oblique mid‐sh...Figure 8.22 Repair of a simple oblique fracture of the third metacarpal bone...Figure 8.23 Application of two LCPs to an oblique mid‐shaft third metacarpal...Figure 8.24 A six‐hole equine T‐plate with a stacked combi hole at the dista...Figure 8.25 Front view of a right‐sided human distal femoral LCP. Three smal...Figure 8.26 An eight‐hole UniLOCK plate that was cut to size, with 2.4 mm (t...Figure 8.27 The instrument and implant set for the DHS implant system. Top: ...Figure 8.28 Two DCS plates of different lengths.Figure 8.29 DCS application to a distal radius specimen.(a) The triple reame...Figure 8.30 Application of a DCS plate to the distal radius. (a) In this exa...Figure 8.31 A nondisplaced ulna fracture in a young foal repaired with an ei...Figure 8.32 The large fragment distractor set consists of, from top to botto...Figure 8.33 The equine aiming device. (a) The modular system has different d...

      8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Pre‐operative plan for lag screw fixation of a simple sagittal fr...Figure 9.2 Planned repair of an oblique, displaced, distal diaphyseal fractu...Figure 9.3 CT evaluation of a complex fracture of the middle phalanx. Volume...Figure 9.4 Pre‐operative plan for repair of an olecranon fracture.Figure 9.5 With horses in lateral recumbency, traction equipment divides the...Figure 9.6 For complex procedures, e.g. when using axial traction, arthrosco...Figure 9.7 Open fractures. (a) Type I : a small wound of <1 cm can be identi...

      9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Horse positioned against the recovery box wall for induction of ...Figure 10.2 Horse with a condylar fracture of the left third metacarpal bone...Figure 10.3 Horses positioned in lateral recumbency: (a) the dependent thora...Figure 10.4 Horse positioned in dorsal recumbency. (a) A small mattress has ...Figure 10.5 Horse physically restrained in early recovery from general anaes...Figure 10.6 Head and tail rope recovery systems technique that can be perfor...Figure 10.7 Deflating air pillow recovery system: (a) centrally positioned h...Figure 10.8 Horse with a cast on the right thoracic limb following spiral co...Figure 10.9 The Hydro‐Pool system. (a) Horse immersed with head supported an...Figure 10.10 Horse with a shoulder fracture recovering in the Pool‐Raft syst...Figure 10.11 Horse transported in a sling from a Pool‐Raft system to the rec...Figure 10.12 Horses recovered from GA showing neuropraxia of the left thorac...Figure 10.13 Horse with severe nasal oedema and upper airway obstruction rec...Figure 10.14 Supraglottic airway device for foals.

      10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 (a) Intra‐operative photograph of a displaced humerus fracture. ...Figure 11.2 (a) Lateromedial radiograph and (b)–(d) multiplanar reconstructi...Figure 11.3 (a) Intra‐operative lateromedial radiograph after fixation of a ...Figure 11.4 (a) Intra‐operative radiographs during fixation of a moderately ...Figure 11.5 Post‐operative craniocaudal radiograph after fixation of a tibia...Figure 11.6 Post‐operative dorsopalmar radiograph after double plate fixatio...Figure 11.7 Post‐operative radiograph after fixation of a type IV ulnar frac...Figure 11.8 The extraction bolt is a conical, hollow instrument to remove sc...Figure 11.9 Implant removal when the hexagonal socket of the screw head has ...Figure 11.10 Post‐operative caudocranial radiograph after fixation of a tibi...

      11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Four examples of fracture types that are amenable to standing re...Figure 12.2 Set‐up for standing repair of a proximal phalangeal fracture. Tr...Figure 12.3 Placement of marker staples: (a) careful palpation of landmarks;...Figure 12.4 Limbs positioned and prepared for surgery.Figure 12.5 (a) Skin staples placed in preparation for lateral to medial rep...Figure 12.6 Accurate screw placement for repair of a short lateral condylar ...Figure 12.7 Illustration of the surgical procedure: (a) drilling a 4.5 mm gl...Figure 12.8 Short incomplete P1 fracture repair.

      12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Effects of immobilization on joints summarized.Figure 13.2 Materials required for application of a standard distal limb cas...Figure 13.3 Application of a distal forelimb cast. (a) Cast foam squares cut...Figure 13.4 Appropriate application of a distal limb cast should allow the h...Figure 13.5 Full limb forelimb cast applied to the level of the proximal ant...Figure 13.6 A forelimb sleeve cast, applied standing, from the proximal ante...Figure 13.7 Application of a distal hindlimb cast. (a) A limb support is pla...Figure 13.8 When correctly fitted, a horse should be able to walk over the c...Figure 13.9 Short tarsal sleeve casts. A supplementary distal limb bandage m...Figure 13.10 Options to limit limb disparity: (a) shoe left in situ; (b) Sof...Figure 13.11 Cast sores: (a) dorsal proximal metacarpus; (b) palmar aspect o...Figure 13.12 Cast‐induced laxity in foals: (a) distal hindlimb cast applied ...Figure 13.13 Cast removal: (a) oscillating cast saw; (b) marker pen delineat...Figure 13.14 Transfixation cast using three positive‐profile threaded pins i...Figure 13.15 IMEX large animal transfixation equipment: drill bit, tap and c...Figure 13.16 Dorsopalmar radiographs of a transfixation cast using 8 mm posi...Figure 13.17 Instruments for insertion of IMEX Duraface^® large animal t...Figure 13.18 Management of a comminuted proximal phalangeal fracture using a...

      13 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Implant failure due to cyclic loading. Lateromedial radiograph o...Figure 14.2 Partial implant failure. Lateromedial radiograph two weeks after...Figure 14.3 Clinical signs of surgical side infection three weeks after arth...Figure 14.4 Ultrasonographic image of the ulnar region two weeks after fract...Figure 14.5 Radiographic features of SSI and/or implant infection. (a) Inhom...Figure 14.6 A wide Esmarch tourniquet is placed proximal to the carpus for I...Figure 14.7 Construction of antimicrobial‐impregnated PMMA beads. (a) The PM...Figure 14.8 Supporting limb laminitis: moisture and depression of the dorsal...Figure 14.9 Radiographic assessment of a horse with laminitis based on image...Figure 14.10 A silicone frog and sole support shifts load from hoof wall to ...Figure 14.11 The Swing lifter reduces effective body weight during standing....

      14 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Bipolar NMES electrodes placed over the middle gluteal muscles....Figure 15.2 PEMF boot application to the metacarpus.PEMF coils are contained...Figure 15.3 A horse standing on a vertical displacing whole‐body vibration p...Figure 15.4 Therapeutic laser applied over a gluteal muscle trigger point.Figure 15.5 A horse standing square on proprioceptivebalance pads.Figure 15.6 A proprioceptive resistive band fitted around the hindquarters....Figure 15.7 A tactile stimulator and pastern weight applied to a horse's for...Figure 15.8 Use of an in ground underwater treadmill.Figure 15.9 Baited ventral cervical flexion to the level of carpi, resulting...Figure 15.10 Baited lateral cervical bending to the level of the hock, resul...

      15 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Examples of the seven described types of distal phalangeal fract...Figure 16.2 Transverse plane CT images of four Type 2 fractures demonstratin...Figure 16.3 Type 2 fractures associated with exercise in racehorses have a f...Figure 16.4 Type 1 fracture associated with extensive mineralization of the ...Figure 16.5 Fracture of a mineralized collateral cartilage visible in slight...Figure 16.6 Marking the prepared hoof wall with radiodense adhesive nipple a...Figure 16.7 Use of multiplanar reconstruction tools to determine that marker...Figure 16.8 Once the markers are accurately positioned, a shallow (1–2 mm) d...Figure 16.9 Unlike plain radiography, CT provides accurate measurement of th...Figure 16.10 An aiming device is fitted with the pointed tip in the palmar/p...Figure 16.11 (a and b) Fluoroscopic image intensification used to ensure tha...Figure 16.12 Fluoroscopy used (a) to ensure that the (3.2 mm) thread hole is...Figure 16.13 An 8 mm cannulated countersinking tool placed over a 2 mm smoot...Figure 16.14 CT images obtained before (a and c) and on completion (b and d)...Figure 16.15 End of surgery foot care. (a) A pneumatic tourniquet minimizes ...Figure 16.16 DV oblique and horizontal oblique radiographs are taken at six ...Figure 16.17 Repair of a Type 3 fracture using intra‐operative fluoroscopy a...Figure 16.18 Variations of Type 4 fractures. Small fragments (a–c) are readi...Figure 16.19 Repair of an acute minimally displaced fracture of the extensor...Figure 16.20 Repair of a large acute displaced fracture of the extensor proc...

      16 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Dorsal 55° proximal‐palmarodistal oblique radiograph of a comple...Figure 17.2 Lateral radiographs of transverse plane fractures of hindlimb na...Figure 17.3 (a) Dorsal 55° proximal‐palmarodistal oblique radiograph of a fr...Figure 17.4 (a–f) Radiographs of all four feet of a horse with quadrilateral...Figure