Small Animal Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy. Группа авторов

ventilation, as well as the increased potential for complications. Clean laparoscopic procedures are often scheduled after thoracic procedures, and clean‐contaminated procedures that lead to contamination of instrumentation should be scheduled last [75–79].

      Fully Equipped Minimally Invasive Surgery Suite: Hybrid Rooms

      The combination of endoscopy and fluoroscopy has led to the establishment of interventional endoscopy and radiology. In recent years, the concept has been adopted by the veterinary field. Multipurpose MIS rooms integrating interventional endoscopy and interventional radiology furthered the concept of hybrid rooms (Figure 3.13a).

      The above require fluoroscopy equipment (C‐arm), either a floor‐wheeled unit or ceiling boom suspended unit. Radiation protection is required. Endo‐ultrasonography is also a modality commonly available in human medical hybrid settings, though rarely incorporated into veterinary medicine [80–84]. In human hospitals, complex hybrid rooms also comprise interventional computed tomography or interventional magnetic resonance units for intraoperative imaging, navigation, planning, and reconstruction, often mounted on suspended racks [65, 86].

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