Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia. Группа авторов

37996‐4545, USA

      Dr. Leigh Lamont, DVM, MS, DACVAA Department of Companion Animals University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada

      Dr. Hui Chu Lin, DVM, MS, DACVAA Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University AL 36849, USA

      Dr. Casper Lindegaard, DVM, PhD, DECVS Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Section of Medicine & Surgery University of Copenhagen Denmark

      Dr. Thijs van Loon, DVM, PhD, DACVAA Division of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Department of Equine Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, The Netherlands

      Dr. Manuel Martin‐Flores, MV, DACVAA Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca NY 14853, USA

      Dr. Krista B. Mitchell, DVM, DACVAA Department of Clinical Studies Ontario Veterinary College The University of Guelph Ontario, Canada

      Dr. Joanna C. Murrell, BVSc, PhD, DECVAA Highcroft Veterinary Referrals Whitchurch Bristol, UK

      Dr. Patricia Queiroz‐Williams, DVM, MS School of Veterinary Medicine Baton Rouge LA 70803, USA

      Dr. Rachel A. Reed, DVM, DACVAA University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine Athens GA 30602, USA

      Dr. Robert Reed, DVM, PhD Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville TN 37996‐4545, USA

Dr. Simone K. Ringer, PD, Dr. med. vet. PhD, DECVAA Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services Section of Anaesthesiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

      Dr. Daniel M. Sakai, MV, DACVAA University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine Athens GA 30602, USA

      Dr. Luiz Santos, DVM, MS, MANZCVS, DACVAA School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Roseworthy Campus The University of Adelaide Adelaide 5371 Australia

      Dr. Jim Schumacher, DVM, MS, DACVS Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville TN 37996‐4545, USA

      Dr. John Schumacher, DVM, MS, DACVIM Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University AL 36849, USA

      Dr. Reza M. Seddighi, DVM, PhD, DACVAA Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville TN 37996‐4545, USA

      Dr. Alicia Skelding, DVM, MSc, DVSc, DACVAA Toronto Animal Health Partners Emergency and Specialty Hospital North York, Ontario Canada

      Dr. Christopher K. Smith, DVM, DACVAA Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville TN 37996‐4545, USA

      Dr. Tanner Snowden, DVM Oklahoma Equine Hospital Washington OK 73093, USA

      Dr. Carla Sommardahl, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville TN 37996‐4545, USA

      Dr. Tena L. Ursini, DVM, DDACVSMR Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville TN 37996‐4545, USA

      Dr. Neal Valk, DVM, DACVS Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville TN 37996‐4545, USA

      Dr. Alex Valverde, DVM, DVSc, DACVAA Department of Clinical Studies Ontario Veterinary College The University of Guelph Guelph Ontario NIG 2W1, Canada

      Dr. Daniel S. Ward, DVM, PhD, DACVO Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine Knoxville TN 37996‐4545, USA

      Dr. Ray Wilhite, MS, PhD Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University AL 36849, USA

      Preface

      The second edition of the Manual of Equine Anesthesia & Analgesia has been updated and rearranged. Most topics have been expanded and new chapters added. Chapters devoted to the sedation and anesthesia of horses undergoing imaging procedures, anesthesia of donkeys and mules, and recognition of pain in horses and donkeys are now included. Case examples of the pharmacologic control of pain are provided, and information on non‐pharmacologic treatment of acute and chronic pain using acupuncture and physical rehabilitation techniques have also been added. In addition, a suggested reading list is included for the reader who wishes to seek further information on the topic.

      This edition of the Manual of Equine Anesthesia & Analgesia strives to deliver relevant information on the physiologic and pharmacologic principles underpinning the anesthesia of equids, in addition to providing useful information on the clinical practice of anesthesia. The Manual has retained the same easily accessible format of the first edition, and we believe that it will be a useful guide to all those involved in the anesthesia of equids.

      Tom Doherty

      Alex Valverde

      Rachel A. Reed

      Acknowledgments

      We wish to acknowledge our contributors for providing their expertise, and we greatly appreciate the time and effort they expended on this project. A special word of thanks to the staff at John Wiley & Sons, especially Ms. Erica Judisch, Ms. Susan Engelken, and Ms. Merryl Le Roux, for making this project possible.

1 Preoperative Evaluation and Patient Preparation

      The Risk of Equine Anesthesia

       Tanya Duke‐Novakovski

       Risks of equine anesthesia have been linked with various conditions and situations and are reviewed in detail elsewhere and summarized in this chapter.

      I Risk of equine anesthesia

       Anesthesia of the horse always involves an assessment of risk.

       Potential complications range from the less serious (e.g. skin wounds) to the more serious (e.g. long bone fractures, myopathies, and peripheral neuropathies), and to death in some cases.

       There is also risk of injury to personnel and safe handling should be practiced.

       The goal of the anesthetist is to minimize the adverse effects (ideally at minimum cost) by:Identifying and defining the risk(s).Selecting the best strategy for controlling or minimizing the risk(s).

       Data from single clinics have cited mortality rates of 0.24–1.8% in healthy horses.

       Data from multicenter studies cite the death rate for healthy horses undergoing anesthesia at around 0.9% (approximately 1 : 100).

       The overall death rate, when sick horses undergoing emergency colic surgery are included, has been reported to be 0.12% when fatalities were directly related to anesthesia in one study, and 1.9% in another study.

II Classification of physical status (see Box 1.1)