Biosorption for Wastewater Contaminants. Группа авторов

of Chemistry SRM Valliammai Engineering College SRM Nagar Kattankulathur Tamilnadu India

      Bidhan Chandra Ruidas Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi Jharkhand India

      Guru Charan Sahu Department of Chemistry Ranchi University Ranchi Jharkhand India

      A.B. Sathya Department of Biotechnology Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology Chennai Tamilnadu India

      Rahul Sharma Department of Chemistry Sabarmati University Ahmedabad Gujarat India

      Rahul Sharma AcSIR CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory New Delhi India

      Nidhi Singh Centre of Bioinformatics University of Allahabad Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh India

      Veer Singh School of Biochemical Engineering IIT (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India

      R. Sivashankar Department of Chemical Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai Tamilnadu India

Arunachalam Thirunavukkarasu Department of Industrial Biotechnology Government College of Technology Coimbatore Tamilnadu India

      Amit Kumar Tiwari Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi Jharkhand India

      Srihari Vedartham NICMAR Hyderabad Campus at Shamirpet Hyderabad Telangana India

      Shashikant Shivaji Vhatkar Department of Nanoscience and Technology Central University of Jharkhand Brambe Ranchi Jharkhand India

      Priyanka Yadav School of Biochemical Engineering IIT (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India

      Preface

      Today, pollution due to various anthropogenic activities has increased many times. Organic and inorganic pollutants are the most significant problem that humanity currently faces in the broad categories of water pollutants. Although several measures have been proposed and implemented to reduce these pollutants, their increasing concentration in bodies of water has created serious concerns. Over the years, the problem has been aggravated by uncontrolled industrialization and urbanization and the consequent alteration of humanity's natural resources. The direct discharge of wastewater contaminants and their geographical mobilization have led to increased concentrations in ground, surface, and residual waters. Therefore, it is essential to understand this problem today and to control the source. In addition, extensive knowledge of detection and disposal methods is needed to develop technological solutions for various environments, including urban, rural, and urban areas.

      The purpose of this book is to provide an information platform about wastewater contaminants in the current context, where researchers, engineers, and technologists working in this field face various challenges. Conventional physicochemical techniques used to remove contaminants from wastewater include ion exchange, precipitation, degradation, coagulation, coating, membrane processes, and adsorption. However, these applications have technological and economic limitations. Biomass‐related precursors for the preparation of biosorbents are attracting increasing attention from researchers. Different activation approaches are used in addition to native biomass utilizations. This book deliberately minimizes basic information and focuses on sources of water pollution, biomass for biosorbent preparation, characterization of biosorbents, understanding associated biosorption mechanisms, modeling analyses of biosorption, sustainable approaches for biosorption applications, and possibilities for recovering precious metals. This book will be a key guide for environmental engineers, researchers, water authorities, and students in these fields.

       Rangabhashiyam SelvasembianPardeep Singh

      Foreword

      I am extremely pleased to provide the foreword to a book on biosorption that deals with the fundamentals, advancements, and future possibilities of this exciting technology. Biosorption employs the ability of biomass to adsorb different contaminants through various physicochemical mechanisms. A wide variety of biosorbents of different origins have been recognized to have high sorption capacity toward various contaminants. Biosorption mechanisms have been explored by scientists to obtain a basic understanding of the process. Nevertheless, biosorption has seldom been used for real industrial applications. The reasons are many and include lack of experimentation on real industrial effluents, multi‐component studies, and surface functionalization. Thus, a thorough compilation of the biosorption literature and a solid understanding of the biosorption technology’s essentials, progress, and potential are needed. This book, Biosorption for Wastewater Contaminants, offers the complete package.

      The book comprises 14 chapters contributed by various experts in the field. Each chapter is edited carefully to provide the required information for a thorough understanding of different aspects of biosorption technology. I congratulate the editors and other contributors of this book for providing us with a complete guide to biosorption for the welfare of the research community.

       Dr. K. Vijayaraghavan

      Senior Scientist

      Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

      National University of Singapore, Singapore

1 Industrial Wastewater Contaminants and Their Hazardous Impacts

       Camila Pesci Pereira1, João Pedro Neves Goldenstein2, and João Paulo Bassin1,2

       1 Chemical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

       2 Civil Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

      List of Abbreviations

AOP:Advanced oxidation processASW:Artificial sweetenerBIT:BenzisothiazolinoneBOD:Biochemical oxygen demandBPA:Bisphenol ABPD:Biocidal Products DirectiveCD:CarbendazimCEC:Contaminant of emerging concernCO:Carbon monoxideCOD:Chemical oxygen demandDBD:Dielectric barrier dischargeDCOIT:DichloroctylisothiazolinoneDDT:DichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneDEET:N, N‐Diethyl‐meta‐toluamideDR:DiuronEDC:Endocrine disrupting compoundEPA:US Environmental Protection AgencyFR:Flame retardantHCB:HexachlorobenzeneIARC:International Agency for Research on CancerIPBC:IodocarbIP:IsoproturonIRG:Cybutryn, Irgarol 1051MBR:Membrane bioreactorMCI:Methyl chloroisothiazolinoneMCPP:MecopropMI:MethylisothiazolinoneNOx:Nitrogen oxidesOIT:OctylisothiazolonePAH:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonPBB:Polybrominated biphenylPCB:Polychlorinated biphenylPCP:PentachlorophenolPeCB:PentachlorobenzenePFOS:Perfluorooctanesulfonic acidPOP:Persistent organic pollutantPPCPs:Pharmaceutical and personal care productsPPZ:PropiconazolePT:Product typeSBR:Sequencing batch reactorSVOC:Semi volatile organic compoundTB:TerbutrynTBU:TebuconazoleTOC:Total organic carbonTOD:Total oxygen demandVOC:Volatile organic compoundVVOC:Very volatile organic compoundWWTP:Wastewater treatment plant

Introduction

      Industrial and technological development and population growth have provided countless advances in society and improved quality of life. However, the increase in production and consumption capacity also negatively impacts the planet due to emission of harmful gases and the increasing production and consequent disposal of solid wastes and wastewaters from domestic and industrial sources. The volume and concentration of contaminants present in waste streams depend on several factors such as population density, level of technological development in the country or region, climate, seasonality, etc.

      Contamination of water and soil by industrial waste is a global concern. For most industries, providing access to clean, affordable water is one of the biggest challenges. In addition, industrial