Urban Protest. Arve Hansen

       6.3.3 Impact

       Part II

       7 Prestudy

       7.1 Physical Space

       7.1.1 Spatial and Urban History

       7.1.2 Daily Use

       7.1.3 Protest Space

       7.2 Symbolic Value

       7.2.1 25 Years of Protest

       7.3 Function

       7.4 Conclusions

       8 Transitional Study

       8.1 A Spatial Perspective

       8.2 Belarusian Protests from Glasnost’ to Lukashenka

       8.3 Perceived elements

       8.3.1 October Square

       8.3.2 Independence Square

       8.4 Social Elements

       8.4.1 The Political Centre

       8.4.2 The People’s Centre

       8.4.3 Independence Square

       8.4.4 October Square

       8.5 Physical Elements

       8.5.1 October Square and Ploshcha 2006

       8.5.2 Independence Square and Ploshcha 2010

       8.6 Conclusions

       9 Main Study

       9.1 Towards a Spatial Perspective

       9.1.1 Spatial Elements

       9.1.2 Spatial Qualities and the Political Environment

       9.1.3 Protest Areas

       9.2 Moscow, Swamp Square and the March of Millions

       9.2.1 The Political Environment of Moscow

       9.2.2 Public Spaces in Moscow

       9.2.3 The Elements

       9.2.4 Spatial Qualities

       9.2.5 Emergence, Realization, Impact

       9.3 Conclusions

       Part III

       10 To Paris and Beyond

       10.1 Republic Square and the Yellow Vests

       10.1.1 Applying the Model

       10.2 Summary and Conclusions

       10.2.1 “So what?”

       10.2.2 Limitations

       10.3 Moving On

       References

Abbreviations

      CAT Collective Action Theory

      DOC Dynamics Of Contention

      NESH National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (Norway)

      OWS Occupy Wall Street

      POS Political Opportunity Structure theory

      PRT Prospect-Refuge Theory

      PT Process Tracing

      RCT Rational Choice Theory

      RMP Resource Mobilisation Perspective

      ROC Repertoire Of Contention

      RSCPR Russian Space: Concepts, Practices, Representations

      SCM Structure-Cognitive Model

A Note on Language

      This book describes events, people, and places mainly from three Eastern Slavic countries: Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia. Each of these countries uses the Cyrillic script and has its own national language, as well as linguistic variations encompassing proper nouns: yet, for historical reasons, Russian has become the lingua franca of the region. The long history of Russian hegemony and long periods of russification have also led to the widespread international adoption of Russian forms for Ukrainian and Belarusian proper nouns. For these reasons, the Ukrainian capital is usually known as Kiev (from Rus. Киев), rather than Kyiv (from Ukr. Київ). Likewise, the Belarusian president is known as Lukashenko (Rus.: Лукашенко), not Lukashenka (Bel.: Лукашенка);