Прочая образовательная литература
Различные книги в жанре Прочая образовательная литератураMicrofluidics and Nanofluidics. Theory and Selected Applications
Fluidics originated as the description of pneumatic and hydraulic control systems, where fluids were employed (instead of electric currents) for signal transfer and processing. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics: Theory and Selected Applications offers an accessible, broad-based coverage of the basics through advanced applications of microfluidics and nanofluidics. It is essential reading for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in engineering and professionals in industry.
Seismic Inversion. Theory and Applications
Seismic inversion aims to reconstruct a quantitative model of the Earth subsurface, by solving an inverse problem based on seismic measurements. There are at least three fundamental issues to be solved simultaneously: non-linearity, non-uniqueness, and instability. This book covers the basic theory and techniques used in seismic inversion, corresponding to these three issues, emphasising the physical interpretation of theoretical concepts and practical solutions. This book is written for master and doctoral students who need to understand the mathematical tools and the engineering aspects of the inverse problem needed to obtain geophysically meaningful solutions. Building on the basic theory of linear inverse problems, the methodologies of seismic inversion are explained in detail, including ray-impedance inversion and waveform tomography etc. The application methodologies are categorised into convolutional and wave-equation based groups. This systematic presentation simplifies the subject and enables an in-depth understanding of seismic inversion. This book also provides a practical guide to reservoir geophysicists who are attempting quantitative reservoir characterisation based on seismic data. Philosophically, the seismic inverse problem allows for a range of possible solutions, but the techniques described herein enable geophysicists to exclude models that cannot satisfy the available data. This book summarises the author’s extensive experience in both industry and academia and includes innovative techniques not previously published.
Hyrdoacoustic Ocean Exploration. Theories and Experimental Application
The only book that offers a comprehensive and fully up-to-date coverage of hydroacoustic ocean exploration, this work deals with the diagnostics of non-uniformities in a water medium using the hydroacoustic parametric antenna. The non-uniformities of the water medium in the study are of geometrically regular shape, i.e., the shape of a sphere, a cylinder, and a spheroid. An account is given of theoretical and experimental studies of wave processes that occur in the event of the scattering of non-linearly interacting acoustic waves at a sphere, a cylinder, and a spheroid. Scattering problems are formulated; solutions to the inhomogeneous wave equation are found in the first and second approximations using the successive approximations method. For the first time, high-frequency asymptotic expressions of acoustic pressure for all spectral components of the secondary field are obtained for the nonlinear scattering problem. The scattering diagrams are calculated and plotted, and then analyzed and compared. Results of experimental studies of the parametric acoustic antenna field scattering at solid steel spheres are presented. Experimental scattering diagrams both for the parametric antenna pump waves and for the secondary field waves including the difference frequency wave, the sum frequency wave, and the second harmonic wave are presented. 3D modeling of wave processes is also considered. A must have for researchers and specialists in nonlinear hydroacoustics and ocean acoustics; it also may be of use for postgraduates and students specializing in hydroacoustics and ocean exploration.
Grundlagen der Elektronenspektroskopie. Theorie der Anregung und Deaktivierung von Molekülen
Quantenmechanische Aspekte der Erzeugung und Deaktivierung angeregter Elektronenzustande stellen die theoretische Grundlage der Elektronenspektroskopie dar. Ausgehend vom Experiment wird zunachst die Beschreibung von Molekulzustanden durch Wellenfunktionen eingefuhrt. Didaktisch geschickt folgt eine ausfuhrliche Diskussion der Erzeugung von angeregten Zustanden, zusatzlich wird auch das Thema «optische Aktivitat» erlautert. Die verschiedenen Kanale der Deaktivierung angeregter Zustande werden umfassend diskutiert, mit einem besonderen Schwerpunkt auf strahlungsloser Deaktivierung durch Elektronenubertragung. Aufbauend auf langjahrigen Vorlesungsnotizen optimal zum vorlesungsbegleitenden Lernen, Dank des modularen Aufbaues aber auch zum punktuellen Nachschlagen und Auffrischen von Wissen geeignet!
Crumbling Genome. The Impact of Deleterious Mutations on Humans
A thought-provoking exploration of deleterious mutations in the human genome and their effects on human health and wellbeing Despite all of the elaborate mechanisms that a cell employs to handle its DNA with the utmost care, a newborn human carries about 100 new mutations, originated in their parents, about 10 of which are deleterious. A mutation replacing just one of the more than three billion nucleotides in the human genome may lead to synthesis of a dysfunctional protein, and this can be inconsistent with life or cause a tragic disease. Several percent of even young people suffer from diseases that are caused, exclusively or primarily, by pre?]existing and new mutations in their genomes, including both a wide variety of genetically simple Mendelian diseases and diverse complex diseases such as birth anomalies, diabetes, and schizophrenia. Milder, but still substantial, negative effects of mutations are even more pervasive. As of now, we possess no means of reducing the rate at which mutations appear spontaneously. However, the recent flood of genomic data made possible by next-generation methods of DNA sequencing, enabled scientists to explore the impacts of deleterious mutations on humans with previously unattainable precision and begin to develop approaches to managing them. Written by a leading researcher in the field of evolutionary genetics, Crumbling Genome reviews the current state of knowledge about deleterious mutations and their effects on humans for those in the biological sciences and medicine, as well as for readers with only a general scientific literacy and an interest in human genetics. Provides an extensive introduction to the fundamentals of evolutionary genetics with an emphasis on mutation and selection Discusses the effects of pre-existing and new mutations on human genotypes and phenotypes Provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge in the field and considers crucial unsolved problems Explores key ethical, scientific, and social issues likely to become relevant in the near future as the modification of human germline genotypes becomes technically feasible Crumbling Genome is must-reading for students and professionals in human genetics, genomics, bioinformatics, evolutionary biology, and biological anthropology. It is certain to have great appeal among all those with an interest in the links between genetics and evolution and how they are likely to influence the future of human health, medicine, and society.
Lipidomics. Technologies and Applications
Focusing on the practical applications, this user-oriented guide presents current technologies and strategies for systems-level lipid analysis, going beyond basic research to concentrate on commercial uses of lipidomics in biomarker and diagnostic development, as well as within pharmaceutical drug discovery and development. The editor and authors have experience of the most recent analytical instruments and techniques, allowing them to provide here first-hand practical experience for newcomers to the field. The first half of the book covers current methodologies, ranging from global to targeted lipidomics and shotgun approaches, while the second part discusses the role of lipidomics in biomedical and pharmaceutical research, covering such diverse fields as inflammation, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and neurological disease. Both small and large-scale, high-throughput approaches are discussed, resulting in an invaluable source for academic and industrial research and development.
Selective Glycosylations. Synthetic Methods and Catalysts
A comprehensive summary of novel approaches to the stereoselective construction of glycosidic linkages, covering modern glycosylation methods and their use and application in natural product synthesis and drug discovery. Clearly divided into five sections, the first describes recent advances in classical methodologies in carbohydrate chemistry, while the second goes on to deal with newer chemistries developed to control selectivity in glycosylation reactions. Section three is devoted to selective glycosylation reactions that rely on the use of catalytic promoters. Section four describes modern approaches for controlling regioselectivity in carbohydrate synthesis. The final section focuses on new developments in the construction of «unusual» sugars and is rounded off by a presentation of modern procedures for the construction of glycosylated natural products. By providing the latest advances in glycosylation as well as information on mechanistic aspects of the reaction, this is an invaluable reference for both specialists and beginners in this booming interdisciplinary field that includes carbohydrate chemistry, organic synthesis, catalysis, and biochemistry.
Separation of Enantiomers. Synthetic Methods
In one handy volume this handbook summarizes the most common synthetic methods for the separation of racemic mixtures, allowing an easy comparison of the different strategies described in the literature. Alongside classical methods, the authors also consider kinetic resolutions, dynamic kinetic resolutions, divergent reactions of a racemic mixture, and a number of «neglected» cases not covered elsewhere, such as the use of circularly polarized light, polymerizations, «ripening» processes, dynamic combinatorial chemistry, and several thermodynamic processes. The result is a thorough introduction to the field plus a long-needed, up-to-date overview of the chemical, biological, and physical methods and their applications. Newcomers to the field, students as well as experienced synthetic chemists will benefit from the highly didactic presentation: Every method is presented in detail, from relatively simple separation problems to advanced complex resolution methods.
Modern Fluoroorganic Chemistry. Synthesis, Reactivity, Applications
The second edition of this classic reference work has been completely revised and updated, as well as being enlarged by 20% to reflect the latest developments in synthetic organic fluorine chemistry, taking into account new applications in materials science and medicinal chemistry. The new developments in transition-metal-catalyzed methods for the introduction of fluorine and fluorinated groups are discussed. In addition, new chapters have been added on such important applications as organic electronics (OLEDs) and fluorinated dyes. Appendices containing synthetic procedures and conversions round off this comprehensive work. This work is a valuable reference for fluorine chemists that also provides nonspecialists with an introduction to the field. From reviews of the first edition: ''… a well-produced book with attractive graphics, photos and schemes. Throughout the book, coloured electrostatic maps of small organofluorine compounds are used toillustrate charge distributions. These are effective as well as attractive. I would point any organic chemist to this book who wants to learn about and do some fluorine chemistry. It provides uncluttered descriptions and a clear orientation to the literature in this important area of the organic chemistry.'' CHEMBIOCHEM – A European Journal of Chemical Biology
Polycyclic Arenes and Heteroarenes. Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
The first book of its kind to focus on the chemistry of this promising class of molecules. Edited by an innovator in the field, who has gathered an international team of well-established experts, this is a comprehensive overview of the rapidly developing field of polycyclic (hetero)arenes, specifically highlighting on their molecular design and the latest synthetic procedures, as well as chemical and physical properties. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific compound class, the first eight covering polycyclic arenes, including both planar and non-planar conjugated molecules, while chapters nine to twelve deal with polycylic heteroarenes according to the heteroatoms, namely N, B, S and P. Important current and emergent applications in the field are also discussed, ranging from molecular sensors to electronic devices. The result is an essential reference for researchers in synthetic and physical organic chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, and materials science.