Smith's Elements of Soil Mechanics. Ian Smith

μ Settlement coefficient, one micron ν Poisson's ratio ξ _m Eurocode 7 (2nd G) pile design correlation factor ξ₁, ξ₂ Eurocode 7 correlation factors to evaluate results of static pile load tests ξ₃, ξ₄ Eurocode 7 correlation factors to derive pile resistance from ground investigation results ρ Density, settlement ρ' Submerged, buoyant or effective density ρ _b Bulk density ρ _c Consolidation settlement ρ _d Dry density ρ _i Immediate settlement ρ _s Particle density ρ _sat Saturated density ρ _w Density of water σ Total normal stress σ' Effective normal stress

Total, effective axial stress

Equivalent consolidation pressure (one‐dimensional) σ_r,

Total, effective radial stress σ _stb;d Eurocode 7 design value of stabilising total vertical stress

Effective overburden pressure

Average effective overburden pressure σ₁, σ₂, σ₃ Total major, intermediate and minor stress

Effective major, intermediate and minor stress τ Shear stress ϕ' Angle of shearing resistance with respect to effective stresses ϕ _cv Critical state, or constant volume, angle of shearing resistance ϕ _cv;d Design value of critical state angle of shearing resistance

Design value of ϕ' ϕ _u Angle of shearing resistance with respect to total stresses (=0) ψ Angle of back of wall to horizontal, Eurocode 7 correlation factor

      About the Companion Website

      The book's companion website www.wiley.com/go/smith/soilmechanics10e provides you with resources and downloads to further your understanding of the fundamentals of soil mechanics and the use of Eurocode 7:

       A suite of editable spreadsheets which map onto the worked examples in the book, showing how they are solved.

       Solutions to the end‐of‐chapter exercises, including the full workings and accompanying spreadsheets.

       Convenient tables with useful data and formulae.

       Animations to demonstrate some of the more complex laboratory testing and geotechnical procedures.

Part I Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics

Chapter 1 Classification and Physical Properties of Soils

      Learning objectives:

      By the end of this chapter, you will have been introduced to:

       the formation of rocks and soils;

       clay soils and the field identification of soils;

       the classification of soils;

       various physical properties of soils and the relationships between them.

      In the field of civil engineering, nearly all projects are built on to, or into, the ground. Whether the project is a structure, a roadway, a tunnel, or a bridge, the nature of the soil at that location is of great importance to the civil engineer. Geotechnical engineering is the term given to the branch of engineering that is concerned