Digitalisation in Europe 2020-2021. Группа авторов

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      Digitalisation in Europe 2020-2021:

      Evidence from the EIB Investment Survey

       July 2021

       About the European Investment Bank

      The European Investment Bank is the world’s biggest multilateral lender. The only bank owned by and representing the interests of the EU countries, the EIB finances Europe’s economic growth. Over six decades the Bank has backed start-ups like Skype and massive schemes like the Øresund Bridge linking Sweden and Denmark. Headquartered in Luxembourg, the EIB Group includes the European Investment Fund, a specialist financer of small and medium-sized enterprises.

      Table of contents

       Overview

       Table of contents

       Digital transformation in Europe

       The EIB Corporate Digitalisation Index

       Where do the European Union and the United States stand in digital adoption?

       COVID-19 and the growing digital divide

       Digitalisation, intangible investment, innovation and firm productivity

       Digitalisation and the labour market

       Digital technologies foster the green transition

       What are the barriers to digital transformation?

       Policy implications

       References

       Austria

       Belgium

       Bulgaria

       Croatia

       Cyprus

       Czechia

       Denmark

       Estonia

       Finland

       France

       Germany

       Greece

       Hungary

       Ireland

       Italy

       Latvia

       Lithuania

       Luxembourg

       Malta

       The Netherlands

       Poland

       Portugal

       Romania

       Slovakia

       Slovenia

       Spain

       Sweden

       United Kingdom

       Appendix A: The EIB Corporate Digitalisation Index

       Appendix B: Comparing EIBIS to other data sources

      Overview

      To achieve sustainable growth, Europe must embrace the potential of digital technologies. The digital revolution has already transformed industries, production processes and ways of living and working, but many of these shifts are only just starting. Most European firms surveyed by the EIB Investment Survey (EIBIS) believe that COVID-19 will accelerate the use of digital technologies even further.

      As with previous technology waves, taking an early lead can be critical for lasting competitiveness. Yet with the global innovation and technology landscape changing rapidly and with the winner-takes-all tendencies of digital technologies, Europe risks becoming entrenched in its position as a follower on digitalisation.

      The adoption of digital technologies by firms in the European Union is improving, but it has not yet closed the gap with the United States. By 2020, 37% of firms in the European Union had still not adopted any advanced digital technologies, compared with 27% in the United States. There is also a risk of digital polarisation among European firms. Small businesses in particular are creating this lag between the European Union and the United States.

      While some EU countries are at the global forefront of digital transformation, others risk being left behind. The downside risks to jobs and growth from both automation and the climate transition are not evenly spread. Some of the least developed regions in the European Union are most at risk.

      Digitalisation is mainly an opportunity,