Reconstructing Earth's Climate History. Kristen St. John

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       Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

      Name: St. John, Kristen, author.

      Title: Reconstructing earth’s climate history : inquiry‐based exercises for lab and class / Kristen St. John, R. Mark Leckie, Kate Pound, Megan Jones, Lawrence Krissek.

      Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley‐Blackwell, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2020035031 (print) | LCCN 2020035032 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119544111 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119544104 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119544128 (epub)

      Subjects: LCSH: Paleoclimatology. | Climatic changes–Observations. | Climatic changes–History.

      Classification: LCC QC884 .R428 2021 (print) | LCC QC884 (ebook) | DDC 551.609/01–dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020035031 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020035032

      Cover Design: Jess Lambert and Kate Pound

      Cover Image: core image: NASA

      Dry area: NASA images by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon

      Ice shelf: NASA Earth Observatory images by Lauren Dauphin

      The Authors

      Dr. Kristen St. John, Department of Geology & Environmental Science, James Madison University, 801 Carrier Drive, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA, [email protected]

      Dr. Kristen St. John is a professor of geology at James Madison University. She earned her BS in geology at Furman University, and her MS and a PhD in geological sciences from The Ohio State University. Her scholarship focuses on marine sedimentology/paleoceanography and geoscience education research. She is an active researcher in the scientific ocean drilling community, participating in several at‐sea expeditions, and works on samples from the Arctic, North Atlantic, and North Pacific to piece together Cenozoic glacial and sea ice histories. Her primary teaching responsibilities include undergraduate courses on Earth systems and climate change, geowriting and communication, paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. St. John's geoscience education research aims to strengthen undergraduate geoscience teaching and learning through curriculum design and faculty professional development. This includes the scientific ocean drilling School of Rock expedition in 2005 with Leckie and later workshops and short courses with the co‐author team. She has received several teaching and career awards at JMU, is a Geological Society of America Fellow, and a former Editor‐in‐Chief of the Journal of Geoscience Education.

      Dr. R. Mark Leckie, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, 627 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, [email protected]

      Dr. R Mark Leckie is a professor of geology at the University of Massachusetts‐Amherst. He co‐led the scientific instruction of the scientific ocean drilling School of Rock expedition in 2005 and co‐taught the related shore‐based short courses and workshops with St. John. Leckie is a marine micropaleontologist and specializes in paleoceanography, including Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events and Antarctic glacial history. He has participated in seven scientific ocean drilling expeditions. Leckie has served on the Education Subcommittee of the US Advisory Committee for Scientific Ocean Drilling, as well as other service panels of the Ocean Drilling Program. He has served as an associate editor of Geology, Paleoceanography, and the Journal of Foraminiferal Research. Leckie is a co‐author of a classroom activity book: Investigating the Oceans, an Interactive Guide to the Science of Oceanography. He was an instructor at the Urbino Summer School on Paleoclimatology (2008–2012). His primary teaching responsibilities include: introductory oceanography; history of the Earth; geologic field methods; paleoceanography; and marine micropaleontology.

      Dr. Kate Pound, Department of Atmospheric and Hydrologic Sciences, St Cloud State University, 720 4th Avenue South, St Cloud, MN 56301, USA, [email protected]

      Dr. Kate Pound is a professor of geology and a member of the Science Education Group at St. Cloud State University. Pound was the lead instructor for a field‐based course for teachers (TIMES – Teaching Inquiry‐based Minnesota Earth Science Project) for eight years. She has organized and co‐convened National Association of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT) sponsored teacher workshops Hands‐on, Inquiry‐based Classroom and Lab Assignments – Bringing Geoscience Research to K‐12 and Undergraduate Students, and has co‐convened/co‐chaired associated conference sessions and Hands‐on Galleries. She has worked to develop materials and implement strategies to help visually impaired students in their study of Earth sciences. Pound’s teaching responsibilities include: glacial geology, field geology, rocks and minerals, structure, sedimentology, and the geological environment. She also teaches courses for pre‐service teachers – science for elementary teachers II and secondary teaching Earth & space science. She maintains a sedimentology lab for use in teaching and student‐faculty research and is on the board of the Minnesota Groundwater Association. She participated on‐ice in ANDRILL ARISE (ANtarctic geological DRILLing, Andrill Research Immersion for Science Educators) during fall 2007.

      Dr. Megan Jones, Department of Geology, North Hennepin Community College, 7411 85th Avenue North, Brooklyn Park, MN 55445, USA, [email protected]

Dr. Megan Jones is a professor in the Earth and Environmental Sciences department at North Hennepin Community College, a diverse (49% students of color, 55% first generation college students), open‐access institution. She has been teaching physical and historical geology, oceanography, Minnesota field geology for the past 20 years. Her broad background and experience in marine micropaleontology/paleoceanography, sedimentology/stratigraphy, and field geology offers her students options to pursue field experiences and undergraduate research. She was a co‐leader of GARNET, the Geoscience Affective Research Network, an NSF‐sponsored group of investigators examining the relationship between student affect, in this case, motivation, and their success in introductory geology courses. Jones worked with Pound on the successful Metro Area TIMES Project Teaching Inquiry‐based Minnesota Earth Science, a 10 day, field‐based, summer institute for middle and high school, pre‐ and in‐service teachers.

      Dr. Lawrence Krissek, School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, [email protected]

      Dr. Lawrence Krissek is a professor emeritus in the School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University. His primary scientific research focus is on understanding the evolution of climates and ocean environments on the earth during the past 65 million years. He has participated in nine field seasons of research in the Antarctic, including the 2006 and 2007 ANDRILL field seasons, and has participated in nine scientific ocean drilling expeditions through the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), and the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP; formerly the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program). He has served on both US and international committees related to scientific ocean drilling, and has co‐taught the IODP School of Rock twice. He has published both on scientific