Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions. Группа авторов

      

      Table of Contents

      1  Cover

      2  Series Page

      3  Title Page

      4  Copyright Page

      5  Dedication Pahe

      6  List of Contributors

      7  Preface Part I: State of the Mantle: Properties and Dynamic Evolution Part II: Material Transport Across the Mantle: Geophysical Observations and Geodynamic Predictions Part III: Surface Expressions: Mantle Controls on Planetary Evolution and Habitability

      8  Part I: State of the Mantle 1 Long‐Wavelength Mantle Structure: Geophysical Constraints and Dynamical Models 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 METHODS 1.3 RESULTS 1.4 DISCUSSION 1.5 CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 2 Experimental Deformation of Lower Mantle Rocks and Minerals 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 BACKGROUND 2.3 METHODS: EXPERIMENTAL DEFORMATION OF LOWER MANTLE MINERALS 2.4 DEFORMATION STUDIES OF LOWER MANTLE PHASES 2.5 POLYPHASE DEFORMATION 2.6 IMPLICATIONS 2.7 CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 3 Seismic Wave Velocities in Earth’s Mantle from Mineral Elasticity 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 ELASTIC PROPERTIES 3.3 EXPERIMENTS 3.4 COMPUTATIONS 3.5 PARAMETER UNCERTAINTIES 3.6 ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SOLID SOLUTIONS 3.7 ELASTIC ANOMALIES FROM CONTINUOUS PHASE TRANSITIONS 3.8 EARTH’S LOWER MANTLE 3.9 CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 4 From Mantle Convection to Seismic Observations: Quantifying the Uncertainties Related to Anelasticity 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 FROM GEODYNAMIC HYPOTHESIS TO SEISMIC OBSERVATIONS 4.3 CONSIDERING MINERALOGICAL UNCERTAINTIES 4.4 QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF UNCERTAINTIES RELATED TO ANELASTICITY 4.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 5 Geochemical Diversity in the Mantle 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.2 DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF DISTINCT MANTLE COMPONENTS 5.3 LITHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE MANTLE COMPONENTS 5.4 THE ROLE OF CARBONATE IN MANTLE GEOCHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY 5.5 RECENT PROGRESS AND OUTLOOK FOR THE MANTLE EVOLUTION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 6 Tracking the Evolution of Magmas from Heterogeneous Mantle Sources to Eruption 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 PARTIAL MELTING OF A HETEROGENEOUS MANTLE 6.3 PERIDOTITE VS. PYROXENITE: EXPERIMENTAL MELT COMPOSITIONS 6.4 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CHEMICAL HETEROGENEITIES AND PERIDOTITE 6.5 SAMPLING MELTS OF THE MANTLE: APPROACH AND OVERVIEW 6.6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 7 Super‐Deep Diamonds: Emerging Deep Mantle Insights from the Past Decade 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 OCEAN CRUST AND CARBON RECYCLED TO THE LOWER MANTLE 7.3 RECOGNIZING CARBONATITIC MELT SIGNATURES IN THE DEEP MANTLE