The Esophagus. Группа авторов

Multichannel intraluminal impedance for assessment of bolus transit in esophageal function tests Combined MII‐EM in belching and rumination Combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH for detection of acid and nonacid gastroesophageal reflux References 10 Ambulatory Monitoring for Reflux Introduction Esophageal pH monitoring Esophageal pH‐impedance monitoring Esophageal bilirubin monitoring Symptom association analysis References 11 New Diagnostic Tests for GERD Introduction Bile monitoring Novel impedance parameters Salivary pepsin Mucosal integrity Oropharyngeal pH monitoring Narrow‐band imaging The road ahead References 12 Role of Histology and Cytology in Esophageal Diseases Introduction Normal esophagus Esophagitis Esophageal Involvement in Systemic Disease Esophageal manifestations of dermatologic and collagen vascular diseases Gastroesophageal reflux esophagitis Barrett’s esophagus References

      10  PART III: Motility Disorders 13 Achalasia Definition Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical manifestations Diagnosis Treatment What to do if symptoms reoccur following successful initial treatment Esophagectomy for end‐stage achalasia Prognosis To screen or not for esophageal cancer? Guidelines References 14 Non‐Achalasia Esophageal Motility Abnormalities Introduction Disorders with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction other than achalasia Major disorders of peristalsis Minor disorders of peristalsis Conclusions and future directions References 15 Surgery for Esophageal Motor Disorders: Introduction Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Distal esophageal spasm Jackhammer esophagus Conclusion References 16 Esophageal Webs and Rings Definitions Proximal esophageal webs Plummer‐Vinson syndrome Lower esophageal rings Schatzki’s ring References 17 Esophageal Diverticula Classification Epidemiology Anatomy Pathophysiology Complications Physical examination Diagnostic studies Surgical management Post‐operative management References 18 Esophageal Involvement in Systemic Diseases Introduction Connective